Note
Click here to download the full example code
Left ventricle bullseye#
This example demonstrates how to create the 17 segment model for the left ventricle recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA).
![Bulls Eye (AHA), Bulls Eye (AHA), Segments [3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 16] in bold](../../_images/sphx_glr_leftventricle_bulleye_001.png)
/home/elliott/code/matplotlib-3.5.x/examples/specialty_plots/leftventricle_bulleye.py:81: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Auto-removal of grids by pcolor() and pcolormesh() is deprecated since 3.5 and will be removed two minor releases later; please call grid(False) first.
ax.pcolormesh(theta0, r0, z, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, shading='auto')
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def bullseye_plot(ax, data, seg_bold=None, cmap=None, norm=None):
"""
Bullseye representation for the left ventricle.
Parameters
----------
ax : axes
data : list of int and float
The intensity values for each of the 17 segments
seg_bold : list of int, optional
A list with the segments to highlight
cmap : ColorMap or None, optional
Optional argument to set the desired colormap
norm : Normalize or None, optional
Optional argument to normalize data into the [0.0, 1.0] range
Notes
-----
This function creates the 17 segment model for the left ventricle according
to the American Heart Association (AHA) [1]_
References
----------
.. [1] M. D. Cerqueira, N. J. Weissman, V. Dilsizian, A. K. Jacobs,
S. Kaul, W. K. Laskey, D. J. Pennell, J. A. Rumberger, T. Ryan,
and M. S. Verani, "Standardized myocardial segmentation and
nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart",
Circulation, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 539-542, 2002.
"""
if seg_bold is None:
seg_bold = []
linewidth = 2
data = np.ravel(data)
if cmap is None:
cmap = plt.cm.viridis
if norm is None:
norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=data.min(), vmax=data.max())
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 768)
r = np.linspace(0.2, 1, 4)
# Create the bound for the segment 17
for i in range(r.shape[0]):
ax.plot(theta, np.repeat(r[i], theta.shape), '-k', lw=linewidth)
# Create the bounds for the segments 1-12
for i in range(6):
theta_i = np.deg2rad(i * 60)
ax.plot([theta_i, theta_i], [r[1], 1], '-k', lw=linewidth)
# Create the bounds for the segments 13-16
for i in range(4):
theta_i = np.deg2rad(i * 90 - 45)
ax.plot([theta_i, theta_i], [r[0], r[1]], '-k', lw=linewidth)
# Fill the segments 1-6
r0 = r[2:4]
r0 = np.repeat(r0[:, np.newaxis], 128, axis=1).T
for i in range(6):
# First segment start at 60 degrees
theta0 = theta[i * 128:i * 128 + 128] + np.deg2rad(60)
theta0 = np.repeat(theta0[:, np.newaxis], 2, axis=1)
z = np.ones((128, 2)) * data[i]
ax.pcolormesh(theta0, r0, z, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, shading='auto')
if i + 1 in seg_bold:
ax.plot(theta0, r0, '-k', lw=linewidth + 2)
ax.plot(theta0[0], [r[2], r[3]], '-k', lw=linewidth + 1)
ax.plot(theta0[-1], [r[2], r[3]], '-k', lw=linewidth + 1)
# Fill the segments 7-12
r0 = r[1:3]
r0 = np.repeat(r0[:, np.newaxis], 128, axis=1).T
for i in range(6):
# First segment start at 60 degrees
theta0 = theta[i * 128:i * 128 + 128] + np.deg2rad(60)
theta0 = np.repeat(theta0[:, np.newaxis], 2, axis=1)
z = np.ones((128, 2)) * data[i + 6]
ax.pcolormesh(theta0, r0, z, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, shading='auto')
if i + 7 in seg_bold:
ax.plot(theta0, r0, '-k', lw=linewidth + 2)
ax.plot(theta0[0], [r[1], r[2]], '-k', lw=linewidth + 1)
ax.plot(theta0[-1], [r[1], r[2]], '-k', lw=linewidth + 1)
# Fill the segments 13-16
r0 = r[0:2]
r0 = np.repeat(r0[:, np.newaxis], 192, axis=1).T
for i in range(4):
# First segment start at 45 degrees
theta0 = theta[i * 192:i * 192 + 192] + np.deg2rad(45)
theta0 = np.repeat(theta0[:, np.newaxis], 2, axis=1)
z = np.ones((192, 2)) * data[i + 12]
ax.pcolormesh(theta0, r0, z, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, shading='auto')
if i + 13 in seg_bold:
ax.plot(theta0, r0, '-k', lw=linewidth + 2)
ax.plot(theta0[0], [r[0], r[1]], '-k', lw=linewidth + 1)
ax.plot(theta0[-1], [r[0], r[1]], '-k', lw=linewidth + 1)
# Fill the segments 17
if data.size == 17:
r0 = np.array([0, r[0]])
r0 = np.repeat(r0[:, np.newaxis], theta.size, axis=1).T
theta0 = np.repeat(theta[:, np.newaxis], 2, axis=1)
z = np.ones((theta.size, 2)) * data[16]
ax.pcolormesh(theta0, r0, z, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, shading='auto')
if 17 in seg_bold:
ax.plot(theta0, r0, '-k', lw=linewidth + 2)
ax.set_ylim([0, 1])
ax.set_yticklabels([])
ax.set_xticklabels([])
# Create the fake data
data = np.arange(17) + 1
# Make a figure and axes with dimensions as desired.
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 8), nrows=1, ncols=3,
subplot_kw=dict(projection='polar'))
fig.canvas.manager.set_window_title('Left Ventricle Bulls Eyes (AHA)')
# Create the axis for the colorbars
axl = fig.add_axes([0.14, 0.15, 0.2, 0.05])
axl2 = fig.add_axes([0.41, 0.15, 0.2, 0.05])
axl3 = fig.add_axes([0.69, 0.15, 0.2, 0.05])
# Set the colormap and norm to correspond to the data for which
# the colorbar will be used.
cmap = mpl.cm.viridis
norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=1, vmax=17)
# Create an empty ScalarMappable to set the colorbar's colormap and norm.
# The following gives a basic continuous colorbar with ticks and labels.
fig.colorbar(mpl.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cmap, norm=norm),
cax=axl, orientation='horizontal', label='Some Units')
# And again for the second colorbar.
cmap2 = mpl.cm.cool
norm2 = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=1, vmax=17)
fig.colorbar(mpl.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cmap2, norm=norm2),
cax=axl2, orientation='horizontal', label='Some other units')
# The second example illustrates the use of a ListedColormap, a
# BoundaryNorm, and extended ends to show the "over" and "under"
# value colors.
cmap3 = (mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['r', 'g', 'b', 'c'])
.with_extremes(over='0.35', under='0.75'))
# If a ListedColormap is used, the length of the bounds array must be
# one greater than the length of the color list. The bounds must be
# monotonically increasing.
bounds = [2, 3, 7, 9, 15]
norm3 = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap3.N)
fig.colorbar(mpl.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cmap3, norm=norm3),
cax=axl3,
# to use 'extend', you must specify two extra boundaries:
boundaries=[0] + bounds + [18],
extend='both',
ticks=bounds, # optional
spacing='proportional',
orientation='horizontal',
label='Discrete intervals, some other units')
# Create the 17 segment model
bullseye_plot(ax[0], data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)
ax[0].set_title('Bulls Eye (AHA)')
bullseye_plot(ax[1], data, cmap=cmap2, norm=norm2)
ax[1].set_title('Bulls Eye (AHA)')
bullseye_plot(ax[2], data, seg_bold=[3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 16],
cmap=cmap3, norm=norm3)
ax[2].set_title('Segments [3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 16] in bold')
plt.show()
Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 1.450 seconds)
Keywords: matplotlib code example, codex, python plot, pyplot Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery