# Customized Colorbars Tutorial¶

This tutorial shows how to build colorbars without an attached plot.

## Customized Colorbars¶

ColorbarBase puts a colorbar in a specified axes, and can make a colorbar for a given colormap; it does not need a mappable object like an image. In this tutorial we will explore what can be done with standalone colorbar.

### Basic continuous colorbar¶

Set the colormap and norm to correspond to the data for which the colorbar will be used. Then create the colorbar by calling ColorbarBase and specify axis, colormap, norm and orientation as parameters. Here we create a basic continuous colorbar with ticks and labels. For more information see the colorbar API.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))

cmap = mpl.cm.cool
norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=5, vmax=10)

cb1 = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(ax, cmap=cmap,
norm=norm,
orientation='horizontal')
cb1.set_label('Some Units')
fig.show()


### Discrete intervals colorbar¶

The second example illustrates the use of a ListedColormap which generates a colormap from a set of listed colors, colors.BoundaryNorm() which generates a colormap index based on discrete intervals and extended ends to show the "over" and "under" value colors. Over and under are used to display data outside of the normalized [0,1] range. Here we pass colors as gray shades as a string encoding a float in the 0-1 range.

If a ListedColormap is used, the length of the bounds array must be one greater than the length of the color list. The bounds must be monotonically increasing.

This time we pass some more arguments in addition to previous arguments to ColorbarBase. For the out-of-range values to display on the colorbar, we have to use the extend keyword argument. To use extend, you must specify two extra boundaries. Finally spacing argument ensures that intervals are shown on colorbar proportionally.

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))

cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'cyan'])
cmap.set_over('0.25')
cmap.set_under('0.75')

bounds = [1, 2, 4, 7, 8]
norm = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)
cb2 = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(ax, cmap=cmap,
norm=norm,
boundaries=[0] + bounds + [13],
extend='both',
ticks=bounds,
spacing='proportional',
orientation='horizontal')
cb2.set_label('Discrete intervals, some other units')
fig.show()


### Colorbar with custom extension lengths¶

Here we illustrate the use of custom length colorbar extensions, used on a colorbar with discrete intervals. To make the length of each extension the same as the length of the interior colors, use extendfrac='auto'.

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))

cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['royalblue', 'cyan',
'yellow', 'orange'])
cmap.set_over('red')
cmap.set_under('blue')

bounds = [-1.0, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0]
norm = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)
cb3 = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(ax, cmap=cmap,
norm=norm,
boundaries=[-10] + bounds + [10],
extend='both',
extendfrac='auto',
ticks=bounds,
spacing='uniform',
orientation='horizontal')
cb3.set_label('Custom extension lengths, some other units')
fig.show()


Keywords: matplotlib code example, codex, python plot, pyplot Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery