.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/annotation_demo.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. meta:: :keywords: codex .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note :ref:`Go to the end ` to download the full example code .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_gallery_text_labels_and_annotations_annotation_demo.py: ================ Annotating Plots ================ The following examples show ways to annotate plots in Matplotlib. This includes highlighting specific points of interest and using various visual tools to call attention to this point. For a more complete and in-depth description of the annotation and text tools in Matplotlib, see the :ref:`tutorial on annotation `. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 12-19 .. code-block:: Python import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from matplotlib.patches import Ellipse from matplotlib.text import OffsetFrom .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 20-54 Specifying text points and annotation points -------------------------------------------- You must specify an annotation point ``xy=(x, y)`` to annotate this point. Additionally, you may specify a text point ``xytext=(x, y)`` for the location of the text for this annotation. Optionally, you can specify the coordinate system of *xy* and *xytext* with one of the following strings for *xycoords* and *textcoords* (default is 'data'):: 'figure points' : points from the lower left corner of the figure 'figure pixels' : pixels from the lower left corner of the figure 'figure fraction' : (0, 0) is lower left of figure and (1, 1) is upper right 'axes points' : points from lower left corner of axes 'axes pixels' : pixels from lower left corner of axes 'axes fraction' : (0, 0) is lower left of axes and (1, 1) is upper right 'offset points' : Specify an offset (in points) from the xy value 'offset pixels' : Specify an offset (in pixels) from the xy value 'data' : use the axes data coordinate system Note: for physical coordinate systems (points or pixels) the origin is the (bottom, left) of the figure or axes. Optionally, you can specify arrow properties which draws and arrow from the text to the annotated point by giving a dictionary of arrow properties Valid keys are:: width : the width of the arrow in points frac : the fraction of the arrow length occupied by the head headwidth : the width of the base of the arrow head in points shrink : move the tip and base some percent away from the annotated point and text any key for matplotlib.patches.polygon (e.g., facecolor) .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 54-100 .. code-block:: Python # Create our figure and data we'll use for plotting fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 4)) t = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.01) s = np.cos(2*np.pi*t) # Plot a line and add some simple annotations line, = ax.plot(t, s) ax.annotate('figure pixels', xy=(10, 10), xycoords='figure pixels') ax.annotate('figure points', xy=(107, 110), xycoords='figure points', fontsize=12) ax.annotate('figure fraction', xy=(.025, .975), xycoords='figure fraction', horizontalalignment='left', verticalalignment='top', fontsize=20) # The following examples show off how these arrows are drawn. ax.annotate('point offset from data', xy=(3, 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-10, 90), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05), horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='bottom') ax.annotate('axes fraction', xy=(2, 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(0.36, 0.68), textcoords='axes fraction', arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05), horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='top') # You may also use negative points or pixels to specify from (right, top). # E.g., (-10, 10) is 10 points to the left of the right side of the axes and 10 # points above the bottom ax.annotate('pixel offset from axes fraction', xy=(1, 0), xycoords='axes fraction', xytext=(-20, 20), textcoords='offset pixels', horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='bottom') ax.set(xlim=(-1, 5), ylim=(-3, 5)) .. image-sg:: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_001.png :alt: annotation demo :srcset: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_001.png, /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_001_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 101-112 Using multiple coordinate systems and axis types ------------------------------------------------ You can specify the *xypoint* and the *xytext* in different positions and coordinate systems, and optionally turn on a connecting line and mark the point with a marker. Annotations work on polar axes too. In the example below, the *xy* point is in native coordinates (*xycoords* defaults to 'data'). For a polar axes, this is in (theta, radius) space. The text in the example is placed in the fractional figure coordinate system. Text keyword arguments like horizontal and vertical alignment are respected. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 112-129 .. code-block:: Python fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(projection='polar'), figsize=(3, 3)) r = np.arange(0, 1, 0.001) theta = 2*2*np.pi*r line, = ax.plot(theta, r) ind = 800 thisr, thistheta = r[ind], theta[ind] ax.plot([thistheta], [thisr], 'o') ax.annotate('a polar annotation', xy=(thistheta, thisr), # theta, radius xytext=(0.05, 0.05), # fraction, fraction textcoords='figure fraction', arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05), horizontalalignment='left', verticalalignment='bottom') .. image-sg:: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_002.png :alt: annotation demo :srcset: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_002.png, /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_002_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 130-133 You can also use polar notation on a cartesian axes. Here the native coordinate system ('data') is cartesian, so you need to specify the xycoords and textcoords as 'polar' if you want to use (theta, radius). .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 133-152 .. code-block:: Python el = Ellipse((0, 0), 10, 20, facecolor='r', alpha=0.5) fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(aspect='equal')) ax.add_artist(el) el.set_clip_box(ax.bbox) ax.annotate('the top', xy=(np.pi/2., 10.), # theta, radius xytext=(np.pi/3, 20.), # theta, radius xycoords='polar', textcoords='polar', arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05), horizontalalignment='left', verticalalignment='bottom', clip_on=True) # clip to the axes bounding box ax.set(xlim=[-20, 20], ylim=[-20, 20]) .. image-sg:: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_003.png :alt: annotation demo :srcset: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_003.png, /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_003_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 153-159 Customizing arrow and bubble styles ----------------------------------- The arrow between *xytext* and the annotation point, as well as the bubble that covers the annotation text, are highly customizable. Below are a few parameter options as well as their resulting output. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 159-235 .. code-block:: Python fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5)) t = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.01) s = np.cos(2*np.pi*t) line, = ax.plot(t, s, lw=3) ax.annotate( 'straight', xy=(0, 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-50, 30), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->")) ax.annotate( 'arc3,\nrad 0.2', xy=(0.5, -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-80, -60), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="arc3,rad=.2")) ax.annotate( 'arc,\nangle 50', xy=(1., 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-90, 50), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="arc,angleA=0,armA=50,rad=10")) ax.annotate( 'arc,\narms', xy=(1.5, -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-80, -60), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict( arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="arc,angleA=0,armA=40,angleB=-90,armB=30,rad=7")) ax.annotate( 'angle,\nangle 90', xy=(2., 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-70, 30), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="angle,angleA=0,angleB=90,rad=10")) ax.annotate( 'angle3,\nangle -90', xy=(2.5, -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-80, -60), textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="angle3,angleA=0,angleB=-90")) ax.annotate( 'angle,\nround', xy=(3., 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-60, 30), textcoords='offset points', bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="0.8"), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="angle,angleA=0,angleB=90,rad=10")) ax.annotate( 'angle,\nround4', xy=(3.5, -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-70, -80), textcoords='offset points', size=20, bbox=dict(boxstyle="round4,pad=.5", fc="0.8"), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="angle,angleA=0,angleB=-90,rad=10")) ax.annotate( 'angle,\nshrink', xy=(4., 1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-60, 30), textcoords='offset points', bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="0.8"), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", shrinkA=0, shrinkB=10, connectionstyle="angle,angleA=0,angleB=90,rad=10")) # You can pass an empty string to get only annotation arrows rendered ax.annotate('', xy=(4., 1.), xycoords='data', xytext=(4.5, -1), textcoords='data', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->", connectionstyle="bar", ec="k", shrinkA=5, shrinkB=5)) ax.set(xlim=(-1, 5), ylim=(-4, 3)) .. image-sg:: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_004.png :alt: annotation demo :srcset: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_004.png, /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_004_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 236-237 We'll create another figure so that it doesn't get too cluttered .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 237-299 .. code-block:: Python fig, ax = plt.subplots() el = Ellipse((2, -1), 0.5, 0.5) ax.add_patch(el) ax.annotate('$->$', xy=(2., -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-150, -140), textcoords='offset points', bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="0.8"), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", patchB=el, connectionstyle="angle,angleA=90,angleB=0,rad=10")) ax.annotate('arrow\nfancy', xy=(2., -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-100, 60), textcoords='offset points', size=20, arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="fancy", fc="0.6", ec="none", patchB=el, connectionstyle="angle3,angleA=0,angleB=-90")) ax.annotate('arrow\nsimple', xy=(2., -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(100, 60), textcoords='offset points', size=20, arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="simple", fc="0.6", ec="none", patchB=el, connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.3")) ax.annotate('wedge', xy=(2., -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(-100, -100), textcoords='offset points', size=20, arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="wedge,tail_width=0.7", fc="0.6", ec="none", patchB=el, connectionstyle="arc3,rad=-0.3")) ax.annotate('bubble,\ncontours', xy=(2., -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(0, -70), textcoords='offset points', size=20, bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc=(1.0, 0.7, 0.7), ec=(1., .5, .5)), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="wedge,tail_width=1.", fc=(1.0, 0.7, 0.7), ec=(1., .5, .5), patchA=None, patchB=el, relpos=(0.2, 0.8), connectionstyle="arc3,rad=-0.1")) ax.annotate('bubble', xy=(2., -1), xycoords='data', xytext=(55, 0), textcoords='offset points', size=20, va="center", bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc=(1.0, 0.7, 0.7), ec="none"), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="wedge,tail_width=1.", fc=(1.0, 0.7, 0.7), ec="none", patchA=None, patchB=el, relpos=(0.2, 0.5))) ax.set(xlim=(-1, 5), ylim=(-5, 3)) .. image-sg:: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_005.png :alt: annotation demo :srcset: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_005.png, /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_005_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 300-305 More examples of coordinate systems ----------------------------------- Below we'll show a few more examples of coordinate systems and how the location of annotations may be specified. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 305-389 .. code-block:: Python fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2) bbox_args = dict(boxstyle="round", fc="0.8") arrow_args = dict(arrowstyle="->") # Here we'll demonstrate the extents of the coordinate system and how # we place annotating text. ax1.annotate('figure fraction : 0, 0', xy=(0, 0), xycoords='figure fraction', xytext=(20, 20), textcoords='offset points', ha="left", va="bottom", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) ax1.annotate('figure fraction : 1, 1', xy=(1, 1), xycoords='figure fraction', xytext=(-20, -20), textcoords='offset points', ha="right", va="top", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) ax1.annotate('axes fraction : 0, 0', xy=(0, 0), xycoords='axes fraction', xytext=(20, 20), textcoords='offset points', ha="left", va="bottom", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) ax1.annotate('axes fraction : 1, 1', xy=(1, 1), xycoords='axes fraction', xytext=(-20, -20), textcoords='offset points', ha="right", va="top", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) # It is also possible to generate draggable annotations an1 = ax1.annotate('Drag me 1', xy=(.5, .7), xycoords='data', ha="center", va="center", bbox=bbox_args) an2 = ax1.annotate('Drag me 2', xy=(.5, .5), xycoords=an1, xytext=(.5, .3), textcoords='axes fraction', ha="center", va="center", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=dict(patchB=an1.get_bbox_patch(), connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.2", **arrow_args)) an1.draggable() an2.draggable() an3 = ax1.annotate('', xy=(.5, .5), xycoords=an2, xytext=(.5, .5), textcoords=an1, ha="center", va="center", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=dict(patchA=an1.get_bbox_patch(), patchB=an2.get_bbox_patch(), connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.2", **arrow_args)) # Finally we'll show off some more complex annotation and placement text = ax2.annotate('xy=(0, 1)\nxycoords=("data", "axes fraction")', xy=(0, 1), xycoords=("data", 'axes fraction'), xytext=(0, -20), textcoords='offset points', ha="center", va="top", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) ax2.annotate('xy=(0.5, 0)\nxycoords=artist', xy=(0.5, 0.), xycoords=text, xytext=(0, -20), textcoords='offset points', ha="center", va="top", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) ax2.annotate('xy=(0.8, 0.5)\nxycoords=ax1.transData', xy=(0.8, 0.5), xycoords=ax1.transData, xytext=(10, 10), textcoords=OffsetFrom(ax2.bbox, (0, 0), "points"), ha="left", va="bottom", bbox=bbox_args, arrowprops=arrow_args) ax2.set(xlim=[-2, 2], ylim=[-2, 2]) plt.show() .. image-sg:: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_006.png :alt: annotation demo :srcset: /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_006.png, /gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/images/sphx_glr_annotation_demo_006_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 2.399 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_gallery_text_labels_and_annotations_annotation_demo.py: .. only:: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: annotation_demo.ipynb ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: annotation_demo.py ` .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_