.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "gallery/images_contours_and_fields/image_demo.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. meta:: :keywords: codex .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note :ref:`Go to the end ` to download the full example code .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_gallery_images_contours_and_fields_image_demo.py: ======================== Many ways to plot images ======================== The most common way to plot images in Matplotlib is with `~.axes.Axes.imshow`. The following examples demonstrate much of the functionality of imshow and the many images you can create. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 10-22 .. code-block:: Python import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import matplotlib.cbook as cbook import matplotlib.cm as cm from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch from matplotlib.path import Path # Fixing random state for reproducibility np.random.seed(19680801) .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 23-24 First we'll generate a simple bivariate normal distribution. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 24-40 .. code-block:: Python delta = 0.025 x = y = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta) X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2) Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2) Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2 fig, ax = plt.subplots() im = ax.imshow(Z, interpolation='bilinear', cmap=cm.RdYlGn, origin='lower', extent=[-3, 3, -3, 3], vmax=abs(Z).max(), vmin=-abs(Z).max()) plt.show() .. image-sg:: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_001.png :alt: image demo :srcset: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_001.png, /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_001_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 41-42 It is also possible to show images of pictures. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 42-72 .. code-block:: Python # A sample image with cbook.get_sample_data('grace_hopper.jpg') as image_file: image = plt.imread(image_file) # And another image, using 256x256 16-bit integers. w, h = 256, 256 with cbook.get_sample_data('s1045.ima.gz') as datafile: s = datafile.read() A = np.frombuffer(s, np.uint16).astype(float).reshape((w, h)) extent = (0, 25, 0, 25) fig, ax = plt.subplot_mosaic([ ['hopper', 'mri'] ], figsize=(7, 3.5)) ax['hopper'].imshow(image) ax['hopper'].axis('off') # clear x-axis and y-axis im = ax['mri'].imshow(A, cmap=plt.cm.hot, origin='upper', extent=extent) markers = [(15.9, 14.5), (16.8, 15)] x, y = zip(*markers) ax['mri'].plot(x, y, 'o') ax['mri'].set_title('MRI') plt.show() .. image-sg:: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_002.png :alt: MRI :srcset: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_002.png, /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_002_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 73-118 Interpolating images -------------------- It is also possible to interpolate images before displaying them. Be careful, as this may manipulate the way your data looks, but it can be helpful for achieving the look you want. Below we'll display the same (small) array, interpolated with three different interpolation methods. The center of the pixel at A[i, j] is plotted at (i+0.5, i+0.5). If you are using interpolation='nearest', the region bounded by (i, j) and (i+1, j+1) will have the same color. If you are using interpolation, the pixel center will have the same color as it does with nearest, but other pixels will be interpolated between the neighboring pixels. To prevent edge effects when doing interpolation, Matplotlib pads the input array with identical pixels around the edge: if you have a 5x5 array with colors a-y as below:: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Matplotlib computes the interpolation and resizing on the padded array :: a a b c d e e a a b c d e e f f g h i j j k k l m n o o p p q r s t t o u v w x y y o u v w x y y and then extracts the central region of the result. (Extremely old versions of Matplotlib (<0.63) did not pad the array, but instead adjusted the view limits to hide the affected edge areas.) This approach allows plotting the full extent of an array without edge effects, and for example to layer multiple images of different sizes over one another with different interpolation methods -- see :doc:`/gallery/images_contours_and_fields/layer_images`. It also implies a performance hit, as this new temporary, padded array must be created. Sophisticated interpolation also implies a performance hit; for maximal performance or very large images, interpolation='nearest' is suggested. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 118-130 .. code-block:: Python A = np.random.rand(5, 5) fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(10, 3)) for ax, interp in zip(axs, ['nearest', 'bilinear', 'bicubic']): ax.imshow(A, interpolation=interp) ax.set_title(interp.capitalize()) ax.grid(True) plt.show() .. image-sg:: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_003.png :alt: Nearest, Bilinear, Bicubic :srcset: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_003.png, /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_003_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 131-137 You can specify whether images should be plotted with the array origin x[0, 0] in the upper left or lower right by using the origin parameter. You can also control the default setting image.origin in your :ref:`matplotlibrc file `. For more on this topic see the :ref:`complete guide on origin and extent `. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 137-150 .. code-block:: Python x = np.arange(120).reshape((10, 12)) interp = 'bilinear' fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=2, sharex=True, figsize=(3, 5)) axs[0].set_title('blue should be up') axs[0].imshow(x, origin='upper', interpolation=interp) axs[1].set_title('blue should be down') axs[1].imshow(x, origin='lower', interpolation=interp) plt.show() .. image-sg:: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_004.png :alt: blue should be up, blue should be down :srcset: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_004.png, /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_004_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 151-152 Finally, we'll show an image using a clip path. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 152-173 .. code-block:: Python delta = 0.025 x = y = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta) X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2) Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2) Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2 path = Path([[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0], [0, 1]]) patch = PathPatch(path, facecolor='none') fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.add_patch(patch) im = ax.imshow(Z, interpolation='bilinear', cmap=cm.gray, origin='lower', extent=[-3, 3, -3, 3], clip_path=patch, clip_on=True) im.set_clip_path(patch) plt.show() .. image-sg:: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_005.png :alt: image demo :srcset: /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_005.png, /gallery/images_contours_and_fields/images/sphx_glr_image_demo_005_2_00x.png 2.00x :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 174-182 .. admonition:: References The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown in this example: - `matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow` / `matplotlib.pyplot.imshow` - `matplotlib.artist.Artist.set_clip_path` - `matplotlib.patches.PathPatch` .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 2.360 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_gallery_images_contours_and_fields_image_demo.py: .. only:: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: image_demo.ipynb ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: image_demo.py ` .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_