"""
==========================================
Producing multiple histograms side by side
==========================================

This example plots horizontal histograms of different samples along
a categorical x-axis. Additionally, the histograms are plotted to
be symmetrical about their x-position, thus making them very similar
to violin plots.

To make this highly specialized plot, we can't use the standard ``hist``
method. Instead, we use ``barh`` to draw the horizontal bars directly. The
vertical positions and lengths of the bars are computed via the
``np.histogram`` function. The histograms for all the samples are
computed using the same range (min and max values) and number of bins,
so that the bins for each sample are in the same vertical positions.

Selecting different bin counts and sizes can significantly affect the
shape of a histogram. The Astropy docs have a great section on how to
select these parameters:
http://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/visualization/histogram.html
"""

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(19680801)
number_of_bins = 20

# An example of three data sets to compare
number_of_data_points = 387
labels = ["A", "B", "C"]
data_sets = [np.random.normal(0, 1, number_of_data_points),
             np.random.normal(6, 1, number_of_data_points),
             np.random.normal(-3, 1, number_of_data_points)]

# Computed quantities to aid plotting
hist_range = (np.min(data_sets), np.max(data_sets))
binned_data_sets = [
    np.histogram(d, range=hist_range, bins=number_of_bins)[0]
    for d in data_sets
]
binned_maximums = np.max(binned_data_sets, axis=1)
x_locations = np.arange(0, sum(binned_maximums), np.max(binned_maximums))

# The bin_edges are the same for all of the histograms
bin_edges = np.linspace(hist_range[0], hist_range[1], number_of_bins + 1)
heights = np.diff(bin_edges)
centers = bin_edges[:-1] + heights / 2

# Cycle through and plot each histogram
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for x_loc, binned_data in zip(x_locations, binned_data_sets):
    lefts = x_loc - 0.5 * binned_data
    ax.barh(centers, binned_data, height=heights, left=lefts)

ax.set_xticks(x_locations, labels)

ax.set_ylabel("Data values")
ax.set_xlabel("Data sets")

plt.show()

# %%
#
# .. tags::
#
#    domain: statistics
#    plot-type: barh
#    plot-type: histogram
#    styling: position
#
# .. admonition:: References
#
#    The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown
#    in this example:
#
#    - `matplotlib.axes.Axes.barh` / `matplotlib.pyplot.barh`
