.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "tutorials/provisional/mosaic.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note Click :ref:`here ` to download the full example code .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_tutorials_provisional_mosaic.py: ======================================= Complex and semantic figure composition ======================================= .. warning:: This tutorial documents experimental / provisional API. We are releasing this in v3.3 to get user feedback. We may make breaking changes in future versions with no warning. Laying out Axes in a Figure in a non uniform grid can be both tedious and verbose. For dense, even grids we have `.Figure.subplots` but for more complex layouts, such as Axes that span multiple columns / rows of the layout or leave some areas of the Figure blank, you can use `.gridspec.GridSpec` (see :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/gridspec`) or manually place your axes. `.Figure.subplot_mosaic` aims to provide an interface to visually lay out your axes (as either ASCII art or nested lists) to streamline this process. This interface naturally supports naming your axes. `.Figure.subplot_mosaic` returns a dictionary keyed on the labels used to lay out the Figure. By returning data structures with names, it is easier to write plotting code that is independent of the Figure layout. This is inspired by a `proposed MEP `__ and the `patchwork `__ library for R. While we do not implement the operator overloading style, we do provide a Pythonic API for specifying (nested) Axes layouts. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 36-58 .. code-block:: default import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # Helper function used for visualization in the following examples def identify_axes(ax_dict, fontsize=48): """ Helper to identify the Axes in the examples below. Draws the label in a large font in the center of the Axes. Parameters ---------- ax_dict : Dict[str, Axes] Mapping between the title / label and the Axes. fontsize : int, optional How big the label should be """ kw = dict(ha="center", va="center", fontsize=fontsize, color="darkgrey") for k, ax in ax_dict.items(): ax.text(0.5, 0.5, k, transform=ax.transAxes, **kw) .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 59-61 If we want a 2x2 grid we can use `.Figure.subplots` which returns a 2D array of `.axes.Axes` which we can index into to do our plotting. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 61-77 .. code-block:: default np.random.seed(19680801) hist_data = np.random.randn(1_500) fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True) ax_array = fig.subplots(2, 2, squeeze=False) ax_array[0, 0].bar(['a', 'b', 'c'], [5, 7, 9]) ax_array[0, 1].plot([1, 2, 3]) ax_array[1, 0].hist(hist_data, bins='auto') ax_array[1, 1].imshow([[1, 2], [2, 1]]) identify_axes( {(j, k): a for j, r in enumerate(ax_array) for k, a in enumerate(r)} ) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_001.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 78-80 Using `.Figure.subplot_mosaic` we can produce the same layout but give the axes semantic names .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 80-91 .. code-block:: default fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True) ax_dict = fig.subplot_mosaic( [['bar', 'plot'], ['hist', 'image']]) ax_dict['bar'].bar(['a', 'b', 'c'], [5, 7, 9]) ax_dict['plot'].plot([1, 2, 3]) ax_dict['hist'].hist(hist_data) ax_dict['image'].imshow([[1, 2], [2, 1]]) identify_axes(ax_dict) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_002.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 92-96 A key difference between `.Figure.subplots` and `.Figure.subplot_mosaic` is the return value. While the former returns an array for index access, the latter returns a dictionary mapping the labels to the `.axes.Axes` instances created .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 96-100 .. code-block:: default print(ax_dict) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out Out: .. code-block:: none {'image': , 'bar': , 'hist': , 'plot': } .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 101-106 String short-hand ================= By restricting our axes labels to single characters we can use Using we can "draw" the Axes we want as "ASCII art". The following .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 106-113 .. code-block:: default layout = """ AB CD """ .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 114-117 will give us 4 Axes laid out in a 2x2 grid and generates the same figure layout as above (but now labeled with ``{"A", "B", "C", "D"}`` rather than ``{"bar", "plot", "hist", "image"}``). .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 117-123 .. code-block:: default fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True) ax_dict = fig.subplot_mosaic(layout) identify_axes(ax_dict) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_003.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 124-130 Something we can do with `.Figure.subplot_mosaic` that you can not do with `.Figure.subplots` is specify that an Axes should span several rows or columns. If we want to re-arrange our four Axes to have C be a horizontal span on the bottom and D be a vertical span on the right we would do .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 130-139 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( """ ABD CCD """ ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_004.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 140-142 If we do not want to fill in all the spaces in the Figure with Axes, we can specify some spaces in the grid to be blank .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 142-154 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( """ A.C BBB .D. """ ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_005.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 155-158 If we prefer to use another character (rather than a period ``"."``) to mark the empty space, we can use *empty_sentinel* to specify the character to use. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 158-169 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( """ aX Xb """, empty_sentinel="X", ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_006.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 170-172 Internally there is no meaning attached to the letters we use, any Unicode code point is valid! .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 173-180 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( """αб ℝ☢""" ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_007.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 181-194 It is not recommended to use white space as either a label or an empty sentinel with the string shorthand because it may be stripped while processing the input. Controlling layout and subplot creation ======================================= This feature is built on top of `.gridspec` and you can pass the keyword arguments through to the underlying `.gridspec.GridSpec` (the same as `.Figure.subplots`). In this case we want to use the input to specify the arrangement, but set the relative widths of the rows / columns via *gridspec_kw*. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 194-211 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( """ .a. bAc .d. """, gridspec_kw={ # set the height ratios between the rows "height_ratios": [1, 3.5, 1], # set the width ratios between the columns "width_ratios": [1, 3.5, 1], }, ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_008.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 212-215 Or use the {*left*, *right*, *bottom*, *top*} keyword arguments to position the overall layout to put multiple versions of the same layout in a figure .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 215-246 .. code-block:: default layout = """AA BC""" fig = plt.figure() axd = fig.subplot_mosaic( layout, gridspec_kw={ "bottom": 0.25, "top": 0.95, "left": 0.1, "right": 0.5, "wspace": 0.5, "hspace": 0.5, }, ) identify_axes(axd) axd = fig.subplot_mosaic( layout, gridspec_kw={ "bottom": 0.05, "top": 0.75, "left": 0.6, "right": 0.95, "wspace": 0.5, "hspace": 0.5, }, ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_009.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 247-249 We can also pass through arguments used to create the subplots (again, the same as `.Figure.subplots`). .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 249-257 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( "AB", subplot_kw={"projection": "polar"} ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_010.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 258-264 Nested List input ================= Everything we can do with the string short-hand we can also do when passing in a list (internally we convert the string shorthand to a nested list), for example using spans, blanks, and *gridspec_kw*: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 264-275 .. code-block:: default axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( [["main", "zoom"], ["main", "BLANK"] ], empty_sentinel="BLANK", gridspec_kw={"width_ratios": [2, 1]} ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_011.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 276-278 In addition, using the list input we can specify nested layouts. Any element of the inner list can be another set of nested lists: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 278-294 .. code-block:: default inner = [ ["inner A"], ["inner B"], ] outer_nested_layout = [ ["main", inner], ["bottom", "bottom"], ] axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( outer_nested_layout, empty_sentinel=None ) identify_axes(axd, fontsize=36) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_012.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 295-296 We can also pass in a 2D NumPy array to do things like .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 296-303 .. code-block:: default layout = np.zeros((4, 4), dtype=int) for j in range(4): layout[j, j] = j + 1 axd = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True).subplot_mosaic( layout, empty_sentinel=0 ) identify_axes(axd) .. image:: /tutorials/provisional/images/sphx_glr_mosaic_013.png :alt: mosaic :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** ( 0 minutes 5.440 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_tutorials_provisional_mosaic.py: .. only :: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer :class: sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: mosaic.py ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: mosaic.ipynb ` .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature Keywords: matplotlib code example, codex, python plot, pyplot `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_