mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d.Axes3D

class mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d.Axes3D(fig, rect=None, *args, azim=-60, elev=30, zscale=None, sharez=None, proj_type='persp', **kwargs)[source]

Bases: matplotlib.axes._axes.Axes

3D axes object.

Parameters:
figFigure

The parent figure.

rect(float, float, float, float)

The (left, bottom, width, height) axes position.

azimfloat, optional

Azimuthal viewing angle, defaults to -60.

elevfloat, optional

Elevation viewing angle, defaults to 30.

zscale{'function', 'functionlog', 'linear', 'log', 'logit', 'symlog'}, optional

The z scale. Note that currently, only a linear scale is supported.

sharezAxes3D, optional

Other axes to share z-limits with.

proj_type{'persp', 'ortho'}

The projection type, default 'persp'.

Notes

New in version 1.2.1: The sharez parameter.

add_collection3d(self, col, zs=0, zdir='z')[source]

Add a 3D collection object to the plot.

2D collection types are converted to a 3D version by modifying the object and adding z coordinate information.

Supported are:
  • PolyCollection
  • LineCollection
  • PatchCollection
add_contour_set(self, cset, extend3d=False, stride=5, zdir='z', offset=None)[source]
add_contourf_set(self, cset, zdir='z', offset=None)[source]
auto_scale_xyz(self, X, Y, Z=None, had_data=None)[source]
autoscale(self, enable=True, axis='both', tight=None)[source]

Convenience method for simple axis view autoscaling. See matplotlib.axes.Axes.autoscale() for full explanation. Note that this function behaves the same, but for all three axes. Therefore, 'z' can be passed for axis, and 'both' applies to all three axes.

New in version 1.1.0.

autoscale_view(self, tight=None, scalex=True, scaley=True, scalez=True)[source]

Autoscale the view limits using the data limits. See matplotlib.axes.Axes.autoscale_view() for documentation. Note that this function applies to the 3D axes, and as such adds the scalez to the function arguments.

Changed in version 1.1.0: Function signature was changed to better match the 2D version. tight is now explicitly a kwarg and placed first.

Changed in version 1.2.1: This is now fully functional.

bar(self, left, height, zs=0, zdir='z', *args, **kwargs)[source]

Add 2D bar(s).

Parameters:
left1D array-like

The x coordinates of the left sides of the bars.

height1D array-like

The height of the bars.

zsscalar or 1D array-like

Z coordinate of bars; if a single value is specified, it will be used for all bars.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

When plotting 2D data, the direction to use as z ('x', 'y' or 'z'); defaults to 'z'.

**kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar.
Returns:
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Patch3DCollection
bar3d(self, x, y, z, dx, dy, dz, color=None, zsort='average', shade=True, lightsource=None, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Generate a 3D barplot.

This method creates three dimensional barplot where the width, depth, height, and color of the bars can all be uniquely set.

Parameters:
x, y, zarray-like

The coordinates of the anchor point of the bars.

dx, dy, dzscalar or array-like

The width, depth, and height of the bars, respectively.

colorsequence of colors, optional

The color of the bars can be specified globally or individually. This parameter can be:

  • A single color, to color all bars the same color.
  • An array of colors of length N bars, to color each bar independently.
  • An array of colors of length 6, to color the faces of the bars similarly.
  • An array of colors of length 6 * N bars, to color each face independently.

When coloring the faces of the boxes specifically, this is the order of the coloring:

  1. -Z (bottom of box)
  2. +Z (top of box)
  3. -Y
  4. +Y
  5. -X
  6. +X
zsortstr, optional

The z-axis sorting scheme passed onto Poly3DCollection

shadebool, optional (default = True)

When true, this shades the dark sides of the bars (relative to the plot's source of light).

lightsourceLightSource

The lightsource to use when shade is True.

**kwargs

Any additional keyword arguments are passed onto Poly3DCollection.
Returns:
collectionPoly3DCollection

A collection of three dimensional polygons representing the bars.
can_pan(self)[source]

Return True if this axes supports the pan/zoom button functionality.

3D axes objects do not use the pan/zoom button.

can_zoom(self)[source]

Return True if this axes supports the zoom box button functionality.

3D axes objects do not use the zoom box button.

cla(self)[source]

Clear the current axes.

clabel(self, *args, **kwargs)[source]

This function is currently not implemented for 3D axes. Returns None.

contour(self, X, Y, Z, *args, extend3d=False, stride=5, zdir='z', offset=None, **kwargs)[source]

Create a 3D contour plot.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-likes

Input data.

extend3dbool

Whether to extend contour in 3D; defaults to False.

strideint

Step size for extending contour.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.

offsetscalar

If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this position in a plane normal to zdir

*args, **kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.contour.
Returns:
matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet
contour3D(self, X, Y, Z, *args, extend3d=False, stride=5, zdir='z', offset=None, **kwargs)

Create a 3D contour plot.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-likes

Input data.

extend3dbool

Whether to extend contour in 3D; defaults to False.

strideint

Step size for extending contour.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.

offsetscalar

If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this position in a plane normal to zdir

*args, **kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.contour.
Returns:
matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet
contourf(self, X, Y, Z, *args, zdir='z', offset=None, **kwargs)[source]

Create a 3D filled contour plot.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-likes

Input data.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.

offsetscalar

If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this position in a plane normal to zdir

*args, **kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.contourf.
Returns:
matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet

Notes

New in version 1.1.0: The zdir and offset parameters.

contourf3D(self, X, Y, Z, *args, zdir='z', offset=None, **kwargs)

Create a 3D filled contour plot.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-likes

Input data.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.

offsetscalar

If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this position in a plane normal to zdir

*args, **kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.contourf.
Returns:
matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet

Notes

New in version 1.1.0: The zdir and offset parameters.

convert_zunits(self, z)[source]

For artists in an axes, if the zaxis has units support, convert z using zaxis unit type

New in version 1.2.1.

disable_mouse_rotation(self)[source]

Disable mouse button callbacks.

draw(self, renderer)[source]

Draw everything (plot lines, axes, labels)

format_coord(self, xd, yd)[source]

Given the 2D view coordinates attempt to guess a 3D coordinate. Looks for the nearest edge to the point and then assumes that the point is at the same z location as the nearest point on the edge.

format_zdata(self, z)[source]

Return z string formatted. This function will use the fmt_zdata attribute if it is callable, else will fall back on the zaxis major formatter

get_autoscale_on(self)[source]

Get whether autoscaling is applied for all axes on plot commands

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

get_autoscalez_on(self)[source]

Get whether autoscaling for the z-axis is applied on plot commands

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

get_axis_position(self)[source]
get_frame_on(self)[source]

Get whether the 3D axes panels are drawn.

get_proj(self)[source]

Create the projection matrix from the current viewing position.

elev stores the elevation angle in the z plane azim stores the azimuth angle in the (x, y) plane

dist is the distance of the eye viewing point from the object point.

get_w_lims(self)[source]

Get 3D world limits.

get_xlim(self)

Return the x-axis view limits.

Returns:
left, right(float, float)

The current x-axis limits in data coordinates.

See also

set_xlim
set_xbound, get_xbound
invert_xaxis, xaxis_inverted

Notes

The x-axis may be inverted, in which case the left value will be greater than the right value.

Changed in version 1.1.0: This function now correctly refers to the 3D x-limits

get_xlim3d(self)[source]

Return the x-axis view limits.

Returns:
left, right(float, float)

The current x-axis limits in data coordinates.

See also

set_xlim
set_xbound, get_xbound
invert_xaxis, xaxis_inverted

Notes

The x-axis may be inverted, in which case the left value will be greater than the right value.

Changed in version 1.1.0: This function now correctly refers to the 3D x-limits

get_ylim(self)

Return the y-axis view limits.

Returns:
bottom, top(float, float)

The current y-axis limits in data coordinates.

See also

set_ylim
set_ybound, get_ybound
invert_yaxis, yaxis_inverted

Notes

The y-axis may be inverted, in which case the bottom value will be greater than the top value.

Changed in version 1.1.0: This function now correctly refers to the 3D y-limits.

get_ylim3d(self)[source]

Return the y-axis view limits.

Returns:
bottom, top(float, float)

The current y-axis limits in data coordinates.

See also

set_ylim
set_ybound, get_ybound
invert_yaxis, yaxis_inverted

Notes

The y-axis may be inverted, in which case the bottom value will be greater than the top value.

Changed in version 1.1.0: This function now correctly refers to the 3D y-limits.

get_zaxis(self)[source]

Return the ZAxis (Axis) instance.

get_zbound(self)[source]

Return the lower and upper z-axis bounds, in increasing order.

New in version 1.1.0.

get_zlabel(self)[source]

Get the z-label text string.

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

get_zlim(self)

Get 3D z limits.

get_zlim3d(self)[source]

Get 3D z limits.

get_zmajorticklabels(self)[source]

Get the ztick labels as a list of Text instances

New in version 1.1.0.

get_zminorticklabels(self)[source]

Get the ztick labels as a list of Text instances

Note

Minor ticks are not supported. This function was added only for completeness.

New in version 1.1.0.

get_zscale(self)[source]
get_zticklabels(self, minor=False)[source]

Get ztick labels as a list of Text instances. See matplotlib.axes.Axes.get_yticklabels() for more details.

Note

Minor ticks are not supported.

New in version 1.1.0.

get_zticklines(self)[source]

Get ztick lines as a list of Line2D instances. Note that this function is provided merely for completeness. These lines are re-calculated as the display changes.

New in version 1.1.0.

get_zticks(self, *, minor=False)[source]

Return the z ticks as a list of locations See matplotlib.axes.Axes.get_yticks() for more details.

Note

Minor ticks are not supported.

New in version 1.1.0.

grid(self, b=True, **kwargs)[source]

Set / unset 3D grid.

Note

Currently, this function does not behave the same as matplotlib.axes.Axes.grid(), but it is intended to eventually support that behavior.

New in version 1.1.0.

invert_zaxis(self)[source]

Invert the z-axis.

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

locator_params(self, axis='both', tight=None, **kwargs)[source]

Convenience method for controlling tick locators.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.locator_params() for full documentation. Note that this is for Axes3D objects, therefore, setting axis to 'both' will result in the parameters being set for all three axes. Also, axis can also take a value of 'z' to apply parameters to the z axis.

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

margins(self, *margins, x=None, y=None, z=None, tight=True)[source]

Convenience method to set or retrieve autoscaling margins.

Call signatures:

margins()

returns xmargin, ymargin, zmargin

margins(margin)

margins(xmargin, ymargin, zmargin)

margins(x=xmargin, y=ymargin, z=zmargin)

margins(..., tight=False)

All forms above set the xmargin, ymargin and zmargin parameters. All keyword parameters are optional. A single positional argument specifies xmargin, ymargin and zmargin. Passing both positional and keyword arguments for xmargin, ymargin, and/or zmargin is invalid.

The tight parameter is passed to autoscale_view(), which is executed after a margin is changed; the default here is True, on the assumption that when margins are specified, no additional padding to match tick marks is usually desired. Setting tight to None will preserve the previous setting.

Specifying any margin changes only the autoscaling; for example, if xmargin is not None, then xmargin times the X data interval will be added to each end of that interval before it is used in autoscaling.

New in version 1.1.0.

mouse_init(self, rotate_btn=1, zoom_btn=3)[source]

Initializes mouse button callbacks to enable 3D rotation of the axes. Also optionally sets the mouse buttons for 3D rotation and zooming.

Parameters:
rotate_btnint or list of int

The mouse button or buttons to use for 3D rotation of the axes; defaults to 1.

zoom_btnint or list of int

The mouse button or buttons to use to zoom the 3D axes; defaults to 3.
name = '3d'
plot(self, xs, ys, *args, zdir='z', **kwargs)[source]

Plot 2D or 3D data.

Parameters:
xs1D array-like

x coordinates of vertices.

ys1D array-like

y coordinates of vertices.

zsscalar or 1D array-like

z coordinates of vertices; either one for all points or one for each point.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

When plotting 2D data, the direction to use as z ('x', 'y' or 'z'); defaults to 'z'.

**kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot.
plot3D(self, xs, ys, *args, zdir='z', **kwargs)

Plot 2D or 3D data.

Parameters:
xs1D array-like

x coordinates of vertices.

ys1D array-like

y coordinates of vertices.

zsscalar or 1D array-like

z coordinates of vertices; either one for all points or one for each point.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

When plotting 2D data, the direction to use as z ('x', 'y' or 'z'); defaults to 'z'.

**kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot.
plot_surface(self, X, Y, Z, *args, norm=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, lightsource=None, **kwargs)[source]

Create a surface plot.

By default it will be colored in shades of a solid color, but it also supports color mapping by supplying the cmap argument.

Note

The rcount and ccount kwargs, which both default to 50, determine the maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these numbers of points.

Parameters:
X, Y, Z2d arrays

Data values.

rcount, ccountint

Maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these numbers of points. Defaults to 50.

New in version 2.0.

rstride, cstrideint

Downsampling stride in each direction. These arguments are mutually exclusive with rcount and ccount. If only one of rstride or cstride is set, the other defaults to 10.

'classic' mode uses a default of rstride = cstride = 10 instead of the new default of rcount = ccount = 50.

colorcolor-like

Color of the surface patches.

cmapColormap

Colormap of the surface patches.

facecolorsarray-like of colors.

Colors of each individual patch.

normNormalize

Normalization for the colormap.

vmin, vmaxfloat

Bounds for the normalization.

shadebool

Whether to shade the facecolors. Defaults to True. Shading is always disabled when cmap is specified.

lightsourceLightSource

The lightsource to use when shade is True.

**kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to Poly3DCollection.
plot_trisurf(self, *args, color=None, norm=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, lightsource=None, **kwargs)[source]

Plot a triangulated surface.

The (optional) triangulation can be specified in one of two ways; either:

plot_trisurf(triangulation, ...)

where triangulation is a Triangulation object, or:

plot_trisurf(X, Y, ...)
plot_trisurf(X, Y, triangles, ...)
plot_trisurf(X, Y, triangles=triangles, ...)

in which case a Triangulation object will be created. See Triangulation for a explanation of these possibilities.

The remaining arguments are:

plot_trisurf(..., Z)

where Z is the array of values to contour, one per point in the triangulation.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-like

Data values as 1D arrays.

color

Color of the surface patches.

cmap

A colormap for the surface patches.

normNormalize

An instance of Normalize to map values to colors.

vmin, vmaxscalar, optional, default: None

Minimum and maximum value to map.

shadebool

Whether to shade the facecolors. Defaults to True. Shading is always disabled when cmap is specified.

lightsourceLightSource

The lightsource to use when shade is True.

**kwargs

All other arguments are passed on to Poly3DCollection

Examples

(Source code, png, pdf)

../../_images/trisurf3d.png

(Source code, png, pdf)

../../_images/trisurf3d_2.png

New in version 1.2.0.

plot_wireframe(self, X, Y, Z, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Plot a 3D wireframe.

Note

The rcount and ccount kwargs, which both default to 50, determine the maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these numbers of points.

Parameters:
X, Y, Z2d arrays

Data values.

rcount, ccountint

Maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these numbers of points. Setting a count to zero causes the data to be not sampled in the corresponding direction, producing a 3D line plot rather than a wireframe plot. Defaults to 50.

New in version 2.0.

rstride, cstrideint

Downsampling stride in each direction. These arguments are mutually exclusive with rcount and ccount. If only one of rstride or cstride is set, the other defaults to 1. Setting a stride to zero causes the data to be not sampled in the corresponding direction, producing a 3D line plot rather than a wireframe plot.

'classic' mode uses a default of rstride = cstride = 1 instead of the new default of rcount = ccount = 50.

**kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to Line3DCollection.
quiver(X, Y, Z, U, V, W, /, length=1, arrow_length_ratio=.3, pivot='tail', normalize=False, **kwargs)[source]

Plot a 3D field of arrows.

The arguments could be array-like or scalars, so long as they they can be broadcast together. The arguments can also be masked arrays. If an element in any of argument is masked, then that corresponding quiver element will not be plotted.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-like

The x, y and z coordinates of the arrow locations (default is tail of arrow; see pivot kwarg)

U, V, Warray-like

The x, y and z components of the arrow vectors

lengthfloat

The length of each quiver, default to 1.0, the unit is the same with the axes

arrow_length_ratiofloat

The ratio of the arrow head with respect to the quiver, default to 0.3

pivot{'tail', 'middle', 'tip'}

The part of the arrow that is at the grid point; the arrow rotates about this point, hence the name pivot. Default is 'tail'

normalizebool

When True, all of the arrows will be the same length. This defaults to False, where the arrows will be different lengths depending on the values of u, v, w.

**kwargs

Any additional keyword arguments are delegated to LineCollection
quiver3D(X, Y, Z, U, V, W, /, length=1, arrow_length_ratio=.3, pivot='tail', normalize=False, **kwargs)

Plot a 3D field of arrows.

The arguments could be array-like or scalars, so long as they they can be broadcast together. The arguments can also be masked arrays. If an element in any of argument is masked, then that corresponding quiver element will not be plotted.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-like

The x, y and z coordinates of the arrow locations (default is tail of arrow; see pivot kwarg)

U, V, Warray-like

The x, y and z components of the arrow vectors

lengthfloat

The length of each quiver, default to 1.0, the unit is the same with the axes

arrow_length_ratiofloat

The ratio of the arrow head with respect to the quiver, default to 0.3

pivot{'tail', 'middle', 'tip'}

The part of the arrow that is at the grid point; the arrow rotates about this point, hence the name pivot. Default is 'tail'

normalizebool

When True, all of the arrows will be the same length. This defaults to False, where the arrows will be different lengths depending on the values of u, v, w.

**kwargs

Any additional keyword arguments are delegated to LineCollection
scatter(self, xs, ys, zs=0, zdir='z', s=20, c=None, depthshade=True, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Create a scatter plot.

Parameters:
xs, ysarray-like

The data positions.

zsfloat or array-like, optional, default: 0

The z-positions. Either an array of the same length as xs and ys or a single value to place all points in the same plane.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z', '-x', '-y', '-z'}, optional, default: 'z'

The axis direction for the zs. This is useful when plotting 2D data on a 3D Axes. The data must be passed as xs, ys. Setting zdir to 'y' then plots the data to the x-z-plane.

See also Plot 2D data on 3D plot.

sscalar or array-like, optional, default: 20

The marker size in points**2. Either an array of the same length as xs and ys or a single value to make all markers the same size.

ccolor, sequence, or sequence of colors, optional

The marker color. Possible values:

  • A single color format string.
  • A sequence of colors of length n.
  • A sequence of n numbers to be mapped to colors using cmap and norm.
  • A 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA.

For more details see the c argument of scatter.

depthshadebool, optional, default: True

Whether to shade the scatter markers to give the appearance of depth. Each call to scatter() will perform its depthshading independently.

**kwargs

All other arguments are passed on to scatter.
Returns:
pathsPathCollection
scatter3D(self, xs, ys, zs=0, zdir='z', s=20, c=None, depthshade=True, *args, **kwargs)

Create a scatter plot.

Parameters:
xs, ysarray-like

The data positions.

zsfloat or array-like, optional, default: 0

The z-positions. Either an array of the same length as xs and ys or a single value to place all points in the same plane.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z', '-x', '-y', '-z'}, optional, default: 'z'

The axis direction for the zs. This is useful when plotting 2D data on a 3D Axes. The data must be passed as xs, ys. Setting zdir to 'y' then plots the data to the x-z-plane.

See also Plot 2D data on 3D plot.

sscalar or array-like, optional, default: 20

The marker size in points**2. Either an array of the same length as xs and ys or a single value to make all markers the same size.

ccolor, sequence, or sequence of colors, optional

The marker color. Possible values:

  • A single color format string.
  • A sequence of colors of length n.
  • A sequence of n numbers to be mapped to colors using cmap and norm.
  • A 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA.

For more details see the c argument of scatter.

depthshadebool, optional, default: True

Whether to shade the scatter markers to give the appearance of depth. Each call to scatter() will perform its depthshading independently.

**kwargs

All other arguments are passed on to scatter.
Returns:
pathsPathCollection
set_autoscale_on(self, b)[source]

Set whether autoscaling is applied on plot commands

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

Parameters:
bbool
set_autoscalez_on(self, b)[source]

Set whether autoscaling for the z-axis is applied on plot commands

New in version 1.1.0.

Parameters:
bbool
set_axis_off(self)[source]

Turn the x- and y-axis off.

This affects the axis lines, ticks, ticklabels, grid and axis labels.

set_axis_on(self)[source]

Turn the x- and y-axis on.

This affects the axis lines, ticks, ticklabels, grid and axis labels.

set_frame_on(self, b)[source]

Set whether the 3D axes panels are drawn.

Parameters:
bbool
set_proj_type(self, proj_type)[source]

Set the projection type.

Parameters:
proj_type{'persp', 'ortho'}
set_title(self, label, fontdict=None, loc='center', **kwargs)[source]

Set a title for the axes.

Set one of the three available axes titles. The available titles are positioned above the axes in the center, flush with the left edge, and flush with the right edge.

Parameters:
labelstr

Text to use for the title

fontdictdict

A dictionary controlling the appearance of the title text, the default fontdict is:

{'fontsize': rcParams['axes.titlesize'],
 'fontweight' : rcParams['axes.titleweight'],
 'color' : rcParams['axes.titlecolor'],
 'verticalalignment': 'baseline',
 'horizontalalignment': loc}
loc{'center', 'left', 'right'}, str, optional

Which title to set. If None, defaults to rcParams["axes.titlelocation"] (default: 'center').

padfloat

The offset of the title from the top of the axes, in points. If None, defaults to rcParams["axes.titlepad"] (default: 6.0).
Returns:
textText

The matplotlib text instance representing the title
Other Parameters:
**kwargsText properties

Other keyword arguments are text properties, see Text for a list of valid text properties.
set_top_view(self)[source]
set_xlim(self, left=None, right=None, emit=True, auto=False, *, xmin=None, xmax=None)

Set 3D x limits.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim() for full documentation.

set_xlim3d(self, left=None, right=None, emit=True, auto=False, *, xmin=None, xmax=None)[source]

Set 3D x limits.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim() for full documentation.

set_xscale(self, value, **kwargs)[source]

Set the x-axis scale.

Parameters:
value{"linear"}

The axis scale type to apply. 3D axes currently only support linear scales; other scales yield nonsensical results.

**kwargs

Keyword arguments are nominally forwarded to the scale class, but none of them is applicable for linear scales.
set_ylim(self, bottom=None, top=None, emit=True, auto=False, *, ymin=None, ymax=None)

Set 3D y limits.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim() for full documentation.

set_ylim3d(self, bottom=None, top=None, emit=True, auto=False, *, ymin=None, ymax=None)[source]

Set 3D y limits.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim() for full documentation.

set_yscale(self, value, **kwargs)[source]

Set the y-axis scale.

Parameters:
value{"linear"}

The axis scale type to apply. 3D axes currently only support linear scales; other scales yield nonsensical results.

**kwargs

Keyword arguments are nominally forwarded to the scale class, but none of them is applicable for linear scales.
set_zbound(self, lower=None, upper=None)[source]

Set the lower and upper numerical bounds of the z-axis. This method will honor axes inversion regardless of parameter order. It will not change the _autoscaleZon attribute.

New in version 1.1.0.

set_zlabel(self, zlabel, fontdict=None, labelpad=None, **kwargs)[source]

Set zlabel. See doc for set_ylabel() for description.

set_zlim(self, bottom=None, top=None, emit=True, auto=False, *, zmin=None, zmax=None)

Set 3D z limits.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim() for full documentation

set_zlim3d(self, bottom=None, top=None, emit=True, auto=False, *, zmin=None, zmax=None)[source]

Set 3D z limits.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim() for full documentation

set_zmargin(self, m)[source]

Set padding of Z data limits prior to autoscaling.

m times the data interval will be added to each end of that interval before it is used in autoscaling.

accepts: float in range 0 to 1

New in version 1.1.0.

set_zscale(self, value, **kwargs)[source]

Set the z-axis scale.

Parameters:
value{"linear"}

The axis scale type to apply. 3D axes currently only support linear scales; other scales yield nonsensical results.

**kwargs

Keyword arguments are nominally forwarded to the scale class, but none of them is applicable for linear scales.
set_zticklabels(self, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Set z-axis tick labels. See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_yticklabels() for more details.

Note

Minor ticks are not supported by Axes3D objects.

New in version 1.1.0.

set_zticks(self, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Set z-axis tick locations. See matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_yticks() for more details.

Note

Minor ticks are not supported.

New in version 1.1.0.

text(self, x, y, z, s, zdir=None, **kwargs)[source]

Add text to the plot. kwargs will be passed on to Axes.text, except for the zdir keyword, which sets the direction to be used as the z direction.

text2D(self, x, y, s, fontdict=None, withdash=<deprecated parameter>, **kwargs)

Add text to the axes.

Add the text s to the axes at location x, y in data coordinates.

Parameters:
x, yscalars

The position to place the text. By default, this is in data coordinates. The coordinate system can be changed using the transform parameter.

sstr

The text.

fontdictdictionary, optional, default: None

A dictionary to override the default text properties. If fontdict is None, the defaults are determined by your rc parameters.

withdashboolean, optional, default: False

Creates a TextWithDash instance instead of a Text instance.
Returns:
textText

The created Text instance.
Other Parameters:
**kwargsText properties.

Other miscellaneous text parameters.

Examples

Individual keyword arguments can be used to override any given parameter:

>>> text(x, y, s, fontsize=12)

The default transform specifies that text is in data coords, alternatively, you can specify text in axis coords ((0, 0) is lower-left and (1, 1) is upper-right). The example below places text in the center of the axes:

>>> text(0.5, 0.5, 'matplotlib', horizontalalignment='center',
...      verticalalignment='center', transform=ax.transAxes)

You can put a rectangular box around the text instance (e.g., to set a background color) by using the keyword bbox. bbox is a dictionary of Rectangle properties. For example:

>>> text(x, y, s, bbox=dict(facecolor='red', alpha=0.5))
text3D(self, x, y, z, s, zdir=None, **kwargs)

Add text to the plot. kwargs will be passed on to Axes.text, except for the zdir keyword, which sets the direction to be used as the z direction.

tick_params(self, axis='both', **kwargs)[source]

Convenience method for changing the appearance of ticks and tick labels.

See matplotlib.axes.Axes.tick_params() for more complete documentation.

The only difference is that setting axis to 'both' will mean that the settings are applied to all three axes. Also, the axis parameter also accepts a value of 'z', which would mean to apply to only the z-axis.

Also, because of how Axes3D objects are drawn very differently from regular 2D axes, some of these settings may have ambiguous meaning. For simplicity, the 'z' axis will accept settings as if it was like the 'y' axis.

Note

Axes3D currently ignores some of these settings.

New in version 1.1.0.

tricontour(self, *args, extend3d=False, stride=5, zdir='z', offset=None, **kwargs)[source]

Create a 3D contour plot.

Changed in version 1.3.0: Added support for custom triangulations

Note

This method currently produces incorrect output due to a longstanding bug in 3D PolyCollection rendering.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-likes

Input data.

extend3dbool

Whether to extend contour in 3D; defaults to False.

strideint

Step size for extending contour.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.

offsetscalar

If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this position in a plane normal to zdir

*args, **kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.tricontour.
Returns:
matplotlib.tri.tricontour.TriContourSet
tricontourf(self, *args, zdir='z', offset=None, **kwargs)[source]

Create a 3D filled contour plot.

Note

This method currently produces incorrect output due to a longstanding bug in 3D PolyCollection rendering.

Parameters:
X, Y, Zarray-likes

Input data.

zdir{'x', 'y', 'z'}

The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.

offsetscalar

If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this position in a plane normal to zdir

*args, **kwargs

Other arguments are forwarded to matplotlib.axes.Axes.tricontourf.
Returns:
matplotlib.tri.tricontour.TriContourSet

Notes

New in version 1.1.0: The zdir and offset parameters.

Changed in version 1.3.0: Added support for custom triangulations

tunit_cube(self, vals=None, M=None)[source]
tunit_edges(self, vals=None, M=None)[source]
unit_cube(self, vals=None)[source]
update_datalim(self, xys, **kwargs)[source]

Extend the dataLim Bbox to include the given points.

If no data is set currently, the Bbox will ignore its limits and set the bound to be the bounds of the xydata (xys). Otherwise, it will compute the bounds of the union of its current data and the data in xys.

Parameters:
xys2D array-like

The points to include in the data limits Bbox. This can be either a list of (x, y) tuples or a Nx2 array.

updatex, updateybool, optional, default True

Whether to update the x/y limits.
view_init(self, elev=None, azim=None)[source]

Set the elevation and azimuth of the axes in degrees (not radians).

This can be used to rotate the axes programmatically.

'elev' stores the elevation angle in the z plane (in degrees). 'azim' stores the azimuth angle in the (x, y) plane (in degrees).

if elev or azim are None (default), then the initial value is used which was specified in the Axes3D constructor.

voxels([x, y, z, ]/, filled, facecolors=None, edgecolors=None, **kwargs)[source]

Plot a set of filled voxels

All voxels are plotted as 1x1x1 cubes on the axis, with filled[0, 0, 0] placed with its lower corner at the origin. Occluded faces are not plotted.

New in version 2.1.

Parameters:
filled3D np.array of bool

A 3d array of values, with truthy values indicating which voxels to fill

x, y, z3D np.array, optional

The coordinates of the corners of the voxels. This should broadcast to a shape one larger in every dimension than the shape of filled. These can be used to plot non-cubic voxels.

If not specified, defaults to increasing integers along each axis, like those returned by indices(). As indicated by the / in the function signature, these arguments can only be passed positionally.

facecolors, edgecolorsarray-like, optional

The color to draw the faces and edges of the voxels. Can only be passed as keyword arguments. This parameter can be:

  • A single color value, to color all voxels the same color. This can be either a string, or a 1D rgb/rgba array
  • None, the default, to use a single color for the faces, and the style default for the edges.
  • A 3D ndarray of color names, with each item the color for the corresponding voxel. The size must match the voxels.
  • A 4D ndarray of rgb/rgba data, with the components along the last axis.
shadebool

Whether to shade the facecolors. Defaults to True. Shading is always disabled when cmap is specified.

New in version 3.1.

lightsourceLightSource

The lightsource to use when shade is True.

New in version 3.1.

**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass onto Poly3DCollection()
Returns:
facesdict

A dictionary indexed by coordinate, where faces[i, j, k] is a Poly3DCollection of the faces drawn for the voxel filled[i, j, k]. If no faces were drawn for a given voxel, either because it was not asked to be drawn, or it is fully occluded, then (i, j, k) not in faces.

Examples

(Source code, png, pdf)

../../_images/voxels.png

(Source code, png, pdf)

../../_images/voxels_rgb.png

(Source code, png, pdf)

../../_images/voxels_torus.png

(Source code, png, pdf)

../../_images/voxels_numpy_logo.png
property w_xaxis
property w_yaxis
property w_zaxis
zaxis_date(self, tz=None)[source]

Sets up z-axis ticks and labels that treat the z data as dates.

tz is a timezone string or tzinfo instance. Defaults to rc value.

Note

This function is merely provided for completeness. Axes3D objects do not officially support dates for ticks, and so this may or may not work as expected.

New in version 1.1.0: This function was added, but not tested. Please report any bugs.

zaxis_inverted(self)[source]

Returns True if the z-axis is inverted.

New in version 1.1.0.