"""
The figure module provides the top-level
:class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, the :class:`Figure`, which
contains all the plot elements. The following classes are defined
:class:`SubplotParams`
control the default spacing of the subplots
:class:`Figure`
Top level container for all plot elements.
"""
from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
unicode_literals)
import six
import logging
import warnings
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import rcParams
from matplotlib import docstring
from matplotlib import __version__ as _mpl_version
import matplotlib.artist as martist
from matplotlib.artist import Artist, allow_rasterization
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
from matplotlib.cbook import Stack, iterable
from matplotlib import image as mimage
from matplotlib.image import FigureImage
import matplotlib.colorbar as cbar
from matplotlib.axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
from matplotlib.blocking_input import BlockingMouseInput, BlockingKeyMouseInput
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
import matplotlib.legend as mlegend
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
from matplotlib.projections import (get_projection_names,
process_projection_requirements)
from matplotlib.text import Text, _process_text_args
from matplotlib.transforms import (Affine2D, Bbox, BboxTransformTo,
TransformedBbox)
import matplotlib._layoutbox as layoutbox
from matplotlib.backend_bases import NonGuiException
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
docstring.interpd.update(projection_names=get_projection_names())
def _stale_figure_callback(self, val):
if self.figure:
self.figure.stale = val
[docs]class AxesStack(Stack):
"""
Specialization of the `.Stack` to handle all tracking of
`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` in a `.Figure`.
This stack stores ``key, (ind, axes)`` pairs, where:
* **key** should be a hash of the args and kwargs
used in generating the Axes.
* **ind** is a serial number for tracking the order
in which axes were added.
The AxesStack is a callable, where ``ax_stack()`` returns
the current axes. Alternatively the :meth:`current_key_axes` will
return the current key and associated axes.
"""
def __init__(self):
Stack.__init__(self)
self._ind = 0
[docs] def as_list(self):
"""
Return a list of the Axes instances that have been added to the figure
"""
ia_list = [a for k, a in self._elements]
ia_list.sort()
return [a for i, a in ia_list]
[docs] def get(self, key):
"""
Return the Axes instance that was added with *key*.
If it is not present, return None.
"""
item = dict(self._elements).get(key)
if item is None:
return None
cbook.warn_deprecated(
"2.1",
"Adding an axes using the same arguments as a previous axes "
"currently reuses the earlier instance. In a future version, "
"a new instance will always be created and returned. Meanwhile, "
"this warning can be suppressed, and the future behavior ensured, "
"by passing a unique label to each axes instance.")
return item[1]
def _entry_from_axes(self, e):
ind, k = {a: (ind, k) for k, (ind, a) in self._elements}[e]
return (k, (ind, e))
[docs] def remove(self, a):
"""Remove the axes from the stack."""
Stack.remove(self, self._entry_from_axes(a))
[docs] def bubble(self, a):
"""
Move the given axes, which must already exist in the
stack, to the top.
"""
return Stack.bubble(self, self._entry_from_axes(a))
[docs] def add(self, key, a):
"""
Add Axes *a*, with key *key*, to the stack, and return the stack.
If *key* is unhashable, replace it by a unique, arbitrary object.
If *a* is already on the stack, don't add it again, but
return *None*.
"""
# All the error checking may be unnecessary; but this method
# is called so seldom that the overhead is negligible.
if not isinstance(a, Axes):
raise ValueError("second argument, {!r}, is not an Axes".format(a))
try:
hash(key)
except TypeError:
key = object()
a_existing = self.get(key)
if a_existing is not None:
Stack.remove(self, (key, a_existing))
warnings.warn(
"key {!r} already existed; Axes is being replaced".format(key))
# I don't think the above should ever happen.
if a in self:
return None
self._ind += 1
return Stack.push(self, (key, (self._ind, a)))
[docs] def current_key_axes(self):
"""
Return a tuple of ``(key, axes)`` for the active axes.
If no axes exists on the stack, then returns ``(None, None)``.
"""
if not len(self._elements):
return self._default, self._default
else:
key, (index, axes) = self._elements[self._pos]
return key, axes
def __call__(self):
return self.current_key_axes()[1]
def __contains__(self, a):
return a in self.as_list()
[docs]class SubplotParams(object):
"""
A class to hold the parameters for a subplot.
"""
def __init__(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None):
"""
All dimensions are fractions of the figure width or height.
Defaults are given by :rc:`figure.subplot.[name]`.
Parameters
----------
left : float
The left side of the subplots of the figure.
right : float
The right side of the subplots of the figure.
bottom : float
The bottom of the subplots of the figure.
top : float
The top of the subplots of the figure.
wspace : float
The amount of width reserved for space between subplots,
expressed as a fraction of the average axis width.
hspace : float
The amount of height reserved for space between subplots,
expressed as a fraction of the average axis height.
"""
self.validate = True
self.update(left, bottom, right, top, wspace, hspace)
[docs] def update(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None):
"""
Update the dimensions of the passed parameters. *None* means unchanged.
"""
thisleft = getattr(self, 'left', None)
thisright = getattr(self, 'right', None)
thistop = getattr(self, 'top', None)
thisbottom = getattr(self, 'bottom', None)
thiswspace = getattr(self, 'wspace', None)
thishspace = getattr(self, 'hspace', None)
self._update_this('left', left)
self._update_this('right', right)
self._update_this('bottom', bottom)
self._update_this('top', top)
self._update_this('wspace', wspace)
self._update_this('hspace', hspace)
def reset():
self.left = thisleft
self.right = thisright
self.top = thistop
self.bottom = thisbottom
self.wspace = thiswspace
self.hspace = thishspace
if self.validate:
if self.left >= self.right:
reset()
raise ValueError('left cannot be >= right')
if self.bottom >= self.top:
reset()
raise ValueError('bottom cannot be >= top')
def _update_this(self, s, val):
if val is None:
val = getattr(self, s, None)
if val is None:
key = 'figure.subplot.' + s
val = rcParams[key]
setattr(self, s, val)
[docs]class Figure(Artist):
"""
The top level container for all the plot elements.
The Figure instance supports callbacks through a *callbacks* attribute
which is a `.CallbackRegistry` instance. The events you can connect to
are 'dpi_changed', and the callback will be called with ``func(fig)`` where
fig is the `Figure` instance.
Attributes
----------
patch
The `.Rectangle` instance representing the figure patch.
suppressComposite
For multiple figure images, the figure will make composite images
depending on the renderer option_image_nocomposite function. If
*suppressComposite* is a boolean, this will override the renderer.
"""
def __str__(self):
return "Figure(%gx%g)" % tuple(self.bbox.size)
def __repr__(self):
return "<{clsname} size {h:g}x{w:g} with {naxes} Axes>".format(
clsname=self.__class__.__name__,
h=self.bbox.size[0], w=self.bbox.size[1],
naxes=len(self.axes),
)
def __init__(self,
figsize=None,
dpi=None,
facecolor=None,
edgecolor=None,
linewidth=0.0,
frameon=None,
subplotpars=None, # default to rc
tight_layout=None, # default to rc figure.autolayout
constrained_layout=None, # default to rc
#figure.constrained_layout.use
):
"""
Parameters
----------
figsize : 2-tuple of floats, default: :rc:`figure.figsize`
Figure dimension ``(width, height)`` in inches.
dpi : float, default: :rc:`figure.dpi`
Dots per inch.
facecolor : default: :rc:`figure.facecolor`
The figure patch facecolor.
edgecolor : default: :rc:`figure.edgecolor`
The figure patch edge color.
linewidth : float
The linewidth of the frame (i.e. the edge linewidth of the figure
patch).
frameon : bool, default: :rc:`figure.frameon`
If ``False``, suppress drawing the figure frame.
subplotpars : :class:`SubplotParams`
Subplot parameters. If not given, the default subplot
parameters :rc:`figure.subplot.*` are used.
tight_layout : bool or dict, default: :rc:`figure.autolayout`
If ``False`` use *subplotpars*. If ``True`` adjust subplot
parameters using `.tight_layout` with default padding.
When providing a dict containing the keys ``pad``, ``w_pad``,
``h_pad``, and ``rect``, the default `.tight_layout` paddings
will be overridden.
constrained_layout : bool
If ``True`` use constrained layout to adjust positioning of plot
elements. Like ``tight_layout``, but designed to be more
flexible. See
:doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`
for examples. (Note: does not work with :meth:`.subplot` or
:meth:`.subplot2grid`.)
Defaults to :rc:`figure.constrained_layout.use`.
"""
Artist.__init__(self)
# remove the non-figure artist _axes property
# as it makes no sense for a figure to be _in_ an axes
# this is used by the property methods in the artist base class
# which are over-ridden in this class
del self._axes
self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
if figsize is None:
figsize = rcParams['figure.figsize']
if dpi is None:
dpi = rcParams['figure.dpi']
if facecolor is None:
facecolor = rcParams['figure.facecolor']
if edgecolor is None:
edgecolor = rcParams['figure.edgecolor']
if frameon is None:
frameon = rcParams['figure.frameon']
if not np.isfinite(figsize).all():
raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not '
'{}'.format(figsize))
self.bbox_inches = Bbox.from_bounds(0, 0, *figsize)
self.dpi_scale_trans = Affine2D().scale(dpi, dpi)
# do not use property as it will trigger
self._dpi = dpi
self.bbox = TransformedBbox(self.bbox_inches, self.dpi_scale_trans)
self.frameon = frameon
self.transFigure = BboxTransformTo(self.bbox)
self.patch = Rectangle(
xy=(0, 0), width=1, height=1,
facecolor=facecolor, edgecolor=edgecolor, linewidth=linewidth)
self._set_artist_props(self.patch)
self.patch.set_aa(False)
self._hold = rcParams['axes.hold']
if self._hold is None:
self._hold = True
self.canvas = None
self._suptitle = None
if subplotpars is None:
subplotpars = SubplotParams()
self.subplotpars = subplotpars
# constrained_layout:
self._layoutbox = None
# set in set_constrained_layout_pads()
self.set_constrained_layout(constrained_layout)
self.set_tight_layout(tight_layout)
self._axstack = AxesStack() # track all figure axes and current axes
self.clf()
self._cachedRenderer = None
# groupers to keep track of x and y labels we want to align.
# see self.align_xlabels and self.align_ylabels and
# axis._get_tick_boxes_siblings
self._align_xlabel_grp = cbook.Grouper()
self._align_ylabel_grp = cbook.Grouper()
@property
@cbook.deprecated("2.1", alternative="`.Figure.patch`")
def figurePatch(self):
return self.patch
# TODO: I'd like to dynamically add the _repr_html_ method
# to the figure in the right context, but then IPython doesn't
# use it, for some reason.
def _repr_html_(self):
# We can't use "isinstance" here, because then we'd end up importing
# webagg unconditiionally.
if (self.canvas is not None and
'WebAgg' in self.canvas.__class__.__name__):
from matplotlib.backends import backend_webagg
return backend_webagg.ipython_inline_display(self)
[docs] def show(self, warn=True):
"""
If using a GUI backend with pyplot, display the figure window.
If the figure was not created using
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.figure`, it will lack a
:class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureManagerBase`, and
will raise an AttributeError.
Parameters
----------
warm : bool
If ``True``, issue warning when called on a non-GUI backend
Notes
-----
For non-GUI backends, this does nothing, in which case a warning will
be issued if *warn* is ``True`` (default).
"""
try:
manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager')
except AttributeError as err:
raise AttributeError("%s\n"
"Figure.show works only "
"for figures managed by pyplot, normally "
"created by pyplot.figure()." % err)
if manager is not None:
try:
manager.show()
return
except NonGuiException:
pass
if warn:
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"matplotlib is currently using a non-GUI backend, "
"so cannot show the figure")
def _get_axes(self):
return self._axstack.as_list()
axes = property(fget=_get_axes,
doc="List of axes in the Figure. You can access the "
"axes in the Figure through this list. "
"Do not modify the list itself. Instead, use "
"`~Figure.add_axes`, `~.Figure.subplot` or "
"`~.Figure.delaxes` to add or remove an axes.")
def _get_dpi(self):
return self._dpi
def _set_dpi(self, dpi, forward=True):
"""
Parameters
----------
dpi : float
forward : bool
Passed on to `~.Figure.set_size_inches`
"""
self._dpi = dpi
self.dpi_scale_trans.clear().scale(dpi, dpi)
w, h = self.get_size_inches()
self.set_size_inches(w, h, forward=forward)
self.callbacks.process('dpi_changed', self)
dpi = property(_get_dpi, _set_dpi, doc="The resolution in dots per inch.")
[docs] def get_tight_layout(self):
"""Return whether `.tight_layout` is called when drawing."""
return self._tight
[docs] def set_tight_layout(self, tight):
"""
Set whether and how `.tight_layout` is called when drawing.
Parameters
----------
tight : bool or dict with keys "pad", "w_pad", "h_pad", "rect" or None
If a bool, sets whether to call `.tight_layout` upon drawing.
If ``None``, use the ``figure.autolayout`` rcparam instead.
If a dict, pass it as kwargs to `.tight_layout`, overriding the
default paddings.
..
ACCEPTS: [ bool
| dict with keys "pad", "w_pad", "h_pad", "rect"
| None ]
"""
if tight is None:
tight = rcParams['figure.autolayout']
self._tight = bool(tight)
self._tight_parameters = tight if isinstance(tight, dict) else {}
self.stale = True
[docs] def get_constrained_layout(self):
"""
Return a boolean: True means constrained layout is being used.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
"""
return self._constrained
[docs] def set_constrained_layout(self, constrained):
"""
Set whether ``constrained_layout`` is used upon drawing. If None,
the rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use'] value will be used.
When providing a dict containing the keys `w_pad`, `h_pad`
the default ``constrained_layout`` paddings will be
overridden. These pads are in inches and default to 3.0/72.0.
``w_pad`` is the width padding and ``h_pad`` is the height padding.
ACCEPTS: [True | False | dict | None ]
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
"""
self._constrained_layout_pads = dict()
self._constrained_layout_pads['w_pad'] = None
self._constrained_layout_pads['h_pad'] = None
self._constrained_layout_pads['wspace'] = None
self._constrained_layout_pads['hspace'] = None
if constrained is None:
constrained = rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use']
self._constrained = bool(constrained)
if isinstance(constrained, dict):
self.set_constrained_layout_pads(**constrained)
else:
self.set_constrained_layout_pads()
self.stale = True
[docs] def set_constrained_layout_pads(self, **kwargs):
"""
Set padding for ``constrained_layout``. Note the kwargs can be passed
as a dictionary ``fig.set_constrained_layout(**paddict)``.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
Parameters
----------
w_pad : scalar
Width padding in inches. This is the pad around axes
and is meant to make sure there is enough room for fonts to
look good. Defaults to 3 pts = 0.04167 inches
h_pad : scalar
Height padding in inches. Defaults to 3 pts.
wspace: scalar
Width padding between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the
subplot width. The total padding ends up being w_pad + wspace.
hspace: scalar
Height padding between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the
subplot width. The total padding ends up being h_pad + hspace.
"""
todo = ['w_pad', 'h_pad', 'wspace', 'hspace']
for td in todo:
if td in kwargs and kwargs[td] is not None:
self._constrained_layout_pads[td] = kwargs[td]
else:
self._constrained_layout_pads[td] = (
rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.' + td])
[docs] def get_constrained_layout_pads(self, relative=False):
"""
Get padding for ``constrained_layout``.
Returns a list of `w_pad, h_pad` in inches and
`wspace` and `hspace` as fractions of the subplot.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
Parameters
----------
relative : boolean
If `True`, then convert from inches to figure relative.
"""
w_pad = self._constrained_layout_pads['w_pad']
h_pad = self._constrained_layout_pads['h_pad']
wspace = self._constrained_layout_pads['wspace']
hspace = self._constrained_layout_pads['hspace']
if relative and ((w_pad is not None) or (h_pad is not None)):
renderer0 = layoutbox.get_renderer(self)
dpi = renderer0.dpi
w_pad = w_pad * dpi / renderer0.width
h_pad = h_pad * dpi / renderer0.height
return w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace
[docs] def autofmt_xdate(self, bottom=0.2, rotation=30, ha='right', which=None):
"""
Date ticklabels often overlap, so it is useful to rotate them
and right align them. Also, a common use case is a number of
subplots with shared xaxes where the x-axis is date data. The
ticklabels are often long, and it helps to rotate them on the
bottom subplot and turn them off on other subplots, as well as
turn off xlabels.
Parameters
----------
bottom : scalar
The bottom of the subplots for :meth:`subplots_adjust`.
rotation : angle in degrees
The rotation of the xtick labels.
ha : string
The horizontal alignment of the xticklabels.
which : {None, 'major', 'minor', 'both'}
Selects which ticklabels to rotate. Default is None which works
the same as major.
"""
allsubplots = all(hasattr(ax, 'is_last_row') for ax in self.axes)
if len(self.axes) == 1:
for label in self.axes[0].get_xticklabels(which=which):
label.set_ha(ha)
label.set_rotation(rotation)
else:
if allsubplots:
for ax in self.get_axes():
if ax.is_last_row():
for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which):
label.set_ha(ha)
label.set_rotation(rotation)
else:
for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which):
label.set_visible(False)
ax.set_xlabel('')
if allsubplots:
self.subplots_adjust(bottom=bottom)
self.stale = True
[docs] def get_children(self):
"""Get a list of artists contained in the figure."""
children = [self.patch]
children.extend(self.artists)
children.extend(self.axes)
children.extend(self.lines)
children.extend(self.patches)
children.extend(self.texts)
children.extend(self.images)
children.extend(self.legends)
return children
[docs] def contains(self, mouseevent):
"""
Test whether the mouse event occurred on the figure.
Returns
-------
bool, {}
"""
if callable(self._contains):
return self._contains(self, mouseevent)
inside = self.bbox.contains(mouseevent.x, mouseevent.y)
return inside, {}
[docs] def get_window_extent(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Return the figure bounding box in display space. Arguments are ignored.
"""
return self.bbox
[docs] def suptitle(self, t, **kwargs):
"""
Add a centered title to the figure.
kwargs are :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` properties. Using figure
coordinates, the defaults are:
x : 0.5
The x location of the text in figure coords
y : 0.98
The y location of the text in figure coords
horizontalalignment : 'center'
The horizontal alignment of the text
verticalalignment : 'top'
The vertical alignment of the text
If the `fontproperties` keyword argument is given then the
rcParams defaults for `fontsize` (`figure.titlesize`) and
`fontweight` (`figure.titleweight`) will be ignored in favour
of the `FontProperties` defaults.
A :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` instance is returned.
Example::
fig.suptitle('this is the figure title', fontsize=12)
"""
manual_position = ('x' in kwargs or 'y' in kwargs)
x = kwargs.pop('x', 0.5)
y = kwargs.pop('y', 0.98)
if ('horizontalalignment' not in kwargs) and ('ha' not in kwargs):
kwargs['horizontalalignment'] = 'center'
if ('verticalalignment' not in kwargs) and ('va' not in kwargs):
kwargs['verticalalignment'] = 'top'
if 'fontproperties' not in kwargs:
if 'fontsize' not in kwargs and 'size' not in kwargs:
kwargs['size'] = rcParams['figure.titlesize']
if 'fontweight' not in kwargs and 'weight' not in kwargs:
kwargs['weight'] = rcParams['figure.titleweight']
sup = self.text(x, y, t, **kwargs)
if self._suptitle is not None:
self._suptitle.set_text(t)
self._suptitle.set_position((x, y))
self._suptitle.update_from(sup)
sup.remove()
else:
self._suptitle = sup
self._suptitle._layoutbox = None
if self._layoutbox is not None and not manual_position:
w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace = \
self.get_constrained_layout_pads(relative=True)
figlb = self._layoutbox
self._suptitle._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(
parent=figlb, artist=self._suptitle,
name=figlb.name+'.suptitle')
# stack the suptitle on top of all the children.
# Some day this should be on top of all the children in the
# gridspec only.
for child in figlb.children:
if child is not self._suptitle._layoutbox:
layoutbox.vstack([self._suptitle._layoutbox,
child],
padding=h_pad*2., strength='required')
self.stale = True
return self._suptitle
[docs] def set_canvas(self, canvas):
"""
Set the canvas that contains the figure
ACCEPTS: a FigureCanvas instance
"""
self.canvas = canvas
[docs] @cbook.deprecated("2.0")
def hold(self, b=None):
"""
Set the hold state. If hold is None (default), toggle the
hold state. Else set the hold state to boolean value b.
e.g.::
hold() # toggle hold
hold(True) # hold is on
hold(False) # hold is off
All "hold" machinery is deprecated.
"""
if b is None:
self._hold = not self._hold
else:
self._hold = b
[docs] def figimage(self, X, xo=0, yo=0, alpha=None, norm=None, cmap=None,
vmin=None, vmax=None, origin=None, resize=False, **kwargs):
"""
Add a non-resampled image to the figure.
The image is attached to the lower or upper left corner depending on
*origin*.
Parameters
----------
X
The image data. This is an array of one of the following shapes:
- MxN: luminance (grayscale) values
- MxNx3: RGB values
- MxNx4: RGBA values
xo, yo : int
The *x*/*y* image offset in pixels.
alpha : None or float
The alpha blending value.
norm : :class:`matplotlib.colors.Normalize`
A :class:`.Normalize` instance to map the luminance to the
interval [0, 1].
cmap : str or :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap`
The colormap to use. Default: :rc:`image.cmap`.
vmin, vmax : scalar
If *norm* is not given, these values set the data limits for the
colormap.
origin : {'upper', 'lower'}
Indicates where the [0, 0] index of the array is in the upper left
or lower left corner of the axes. Defaults to :rc:`image.origin`.
resize : bool
If *True*, resize the figure to match the given image size.
Returns
-------
:class:`matplotlib.image.FigureImage`
Other Parameters
----------------
**kwargs
Additional kwargs are `.Artist` kwargs passed on to `.FigureImage`.
Notes
-----
figimage complements the axes image
(:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow`) which will be resampled
to fit the current axes. If you want a resampled image to
fill the entire figure, you can define an
:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` with extent [0,0,1,1].
Examples::
f = plt.figure()
nx = int(f.get_figwidth() * f.dpi)
ny = int(f.get_figheight() * f.dpi)
data = np.random.random((ny, nx))
f.figimage(data)
plt.show()
"""
if not self._hold:
self.clf()
if resize:
dpi = self.get_dpi()
figsize = [x / dpi for x in (X.shape[1], X.shape[0])]
self.set_size_inches(figsize, forward=True)
im = FigureImage(self, cmap, norm, xo, yo, origin, **kwargs)
im.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
im.set_array(X)
im.set_alpha(alpha)
if norm is None:
im.set_clim(vmin, vmax)
self.images.append(im)
im._remove_method = lambda h: self.images.remove(h)
self.stale = True
return im
[docs] def set_size_inches(self, w, h=None, forward=True):
"""Set the figure size in inches (1in == 2.54cm)
Usage ::
fig.set_size_inches(w, h) # OR
fig.set_size_inches((w, h))
optional kwarg *forward=True* will cause the canvas size to be
automatically updated; e.g., you can resize the figure window
from the shell
ACCEPTS: a w, h tuple with w, h in inches
See Also
--------
matplotlib.Figure.get_size_inches
"""
# the width and height have been passed in as a tuple to the first
# argument, so unpack them
if h is None:
w, h = w
if not all(np.isfinite(_) for _ in (w, h)):
raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not '
'({}, {})'.format(w, h))
self.bbox_inches.p1 = w, h
if forward:
canvas = getattr(self, 'canvas')
if canvas is not None:
ratio = getattr(self.canvas, '_dpi_ratio', 1)
dpival = self.dpi / ratio
canvasw = w * dpival
canvash = h * dpival
manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None)
if manager is not None:
manager.resize(int(canvasw), int(canvash))
self.stale = True
[docs] def get_size_inches(self):
"""
Returns the current size of the figure in inches.
Returns
-------
size : ndarray
The size (width, height) of the figure in inches.
See Also
--------
matplotlib.Figure.set_size_inches
"""
return np.array(self.bbox_inches.p1)
[docs] def get_edgecolor(self):
"""Get the edge color of the Figure rectangle."""
return self.patch.get_edgecolor()
[docs] def get_facecolor(self):
"""Get the face color of the Figure rectangle."""
return self.patch.get_facecolor()
[docs] def get_figwidth(self):
"""Return the figure width as a float."""
return self.bbox_inches.width
[docs] def get_figheight(self):
"""Return the figure height as a float."""
return self.bbox_inches.height
[docs] def get_frameon(self):
"""Return whether the figure frame will be drawn."""
return self.frameon
[docs] def set_edgecolor(self, color):
"""
Set the edge color of the Figure rectangle.
ACCEPTS: any matplotlib color - see help(colors)
"""
self.patch.set_edgecolor(color)
[docs] def set_facecolor(self, color):
"""
Set the face color of the Figure rectangle.
ACCEPTS: any matplotlib color - see help(colors)
"""
self.patch.set_facecolor(color)
[docs] def set_dpi(self, val):
"""
Set the dots-per-inch of the figure.
ACCEPTS: float
"""
self.dpi = val
self.stale = True
[docs] def set_figwidth(self, val, forward=True):
"""
Set the width of the figure in inches.
ACCEPTS: float
"""
self.set_size_inches(val, self.get_figheight(), forward=forward)
[docs] def set_figheight(self, val, forward=True):
"""
Set the height of the figure in inches.
ACCEPTS: float
"""
self.set_size_inches(self.get_figwidth(), val, forward=forward)
[docs] def set_frameon(self, b):
"""
Set whether the figure frame (background) is displayed or invisible
ACCEPTS: boolean
"""
self.frameon = b
self.stale = True
[docs] def delaxes(self, ax):
"""
Remove the `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` *ax* from the figure and update the
current axes.
"""
self._axstack.remove(ax)
for func in self._axobservers:
func(self)
self.stale = True
def _make_key(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Make a hashable key out of args and kwargs."""
def fixitems(items):
# items may have arrays and lists in them, so convert them
# to tuples for the key
ret = []
for k, v in items:
# some objects can define __getitem__ without being
# iterable and in those cases the conversion to tuples
# will fail. So instead of using the iterable(v) function
# we simply try and convert to a tuple, and proceed if not.
try:
v = tuple(v)
except Exception:
pass
ret.append((k, v))
return tuple(ret)
def fixlist(args):
ret = []
for a in args:
if iterable(a):
a = tuple(a)
ret.append(a)
return tuple(ret)
key = fixlist(args), fixitems(six.iteritems(kwargs))
return key
[docs] def add_axes(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Add an axes to the figure.
Call signature::
add_axes(rect, projection=None, polar=False, **kwargs)
Parameters
----------
rect : sequence of float
The dimensions [left, bottom, width, height] of the new axes. All
quantities are in fractions of figure width and height.
projection : {None, 'aitoff', 'hammer', 'lambert', 'mollweide', \
'polar', rectilinear'}, optional
The projection type of the axes.
polar : boolean, optional
If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
**kwargs
This method also takes the keyword arguments for
:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes`.
Returns
-------
axes : Axes
The added axes.
Examples
--------
Some simple examples::
rect = l, b, w, h
fig.add_axes(rect)
fig.add_axes(rect, frameon=False, facecolor='g')
fig.add_axes(rect, polar=True)
fig.add_axes(rect, projection='polar')
fig.add_axes(ax)
If the figure already has an axes with the same parameters, then it
will simply make that axes current and return it. This behavior
has been deprecated as of Matplotlib 2.1. Meanwhile, if you do
not want this behavior (i.e., you want to force the creation of a
new Axes), you must use a unique set of args and kwargs. The axes
:attr:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.label` attribute has been exposed for this
purpose: if you want two axes that are otherwise identical to be added
to the figure, make sure you give them unique labels::
fig.add_axes(rect, label='axes1')
fig.add_axes(rect, label='axes2')
In rare circumstances, add_axes may be called with a single
argument, an Axes instance already created in the present
figure but not in the figure's list of axes. For example,
if an axes has been removed with :meth:`delaxes`, it can
be restored with::
fig.add_axes(ax)
In all cases, the :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance
will be returned.
"""
if not len(args):
return
# shortcut the projection "key" modifications later on, if an axes
# with the exact args/kwargs exists, return it immediately.
key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs)
ax = self._axstack.get(key)
if ax is not None:
self.sca(ax)
return ax
if isinstance(args[0], Axes):
a = args[0]
if a.get_figure() is not self:
raise ValueError(
"The Axes must have been created in the present figure")
else:
rect = args[0]
if not np.isfinite(rect).all():
raise ValueError('all entries in rect must be finite '
'not {}'.format(rect))
projection_class, kwargs, key = process_projection_requirements(
self, *args, **kwargs)
# check that an axes of this type doesn't already exist, if it
# does, set it as active and return it
ax = self._axstack.get(key)
if isinstance(ax, projection_class):
self.sca(ax)
return ax
# create the new axes using the axes class given
a = projection_class(self, rect, **kwargs)
self._axstack.add(key, a)
self.sca(a)
a._remove_method = self.__remove_ax
self.stale = True
a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
return a
[docs] def add_subplot(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Add a subplot.
Call signatures::
add_subplot(nrows, ncols, index, **kwargs)
add_subplot(pos, **kwargs)
Parameters
----------
*args
Either a 3-digit integer or three separate integers
describing the position of the subplot. If the three
integers are R, C, and P in order, the subplot will take
the Pth position on a grid with R rows and C columns.
projection : {None, 'aitoff', 'hammer', 'lambert', 'mollweide', \
'polar', rectilinear'}, optional
The projection type of the axes.
polar : boolean, optional
If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
**kwargs
This method also takes the keyword arguments for
:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes`.
Returns
-------
axes : Axes
The axes of the subplot.
Notes
-----
If the figure already has a subplot with key (*args*,
*kwargs*) then it will simply make that subplot current and
return it. This behavior is deprecated.
Examples
--------
::
fig.add_subplot(111)
# equivalent but more general
fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
# add subplot with red background
fig.add_subplot(212, facecolor='r')
# add a polar subplot
fig.add_subplot(111, projection='polar')
# add Subplot instance sub
fig.add_subplot(sub)
See Also
--------
matplotlib.pyplot.subplot : for an explanation of the args.
"""
if not len(args):
return
if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], int):
if not 100 <= args[0] <= 999:
raise ValueError("Integer subplot specification must be a "
"three-digit number, not {}".format(args[0]))
args = tuple(map(int, str(args[0])))
if isinstance(args[0], SubplotBase):
a = args[0]
if a.get_figure() is not self:
raise ValueError(
"The Subplot must have been created in the present figure")
# make a key for the subplot (which includes the axes object id
# in the hash)
key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs)
else:
projection_class, kwargs, key = process_projection_requirements(
self, *args, **kwargs)
# try to find the axes with this key in the stack
ax = self._axstack.get(key)
if ax is not None:
if isinstance(ax, projection_class):
# the axes already existed, so set it as active & return
self.sca(ax)
return ax
else:
# Undocumented convenience behavior:
# subplot(111); subplot(111, projection='polar')
# will replace the first with the second.
# Without this, add_subplot would be simpler and
# more similar to add_axes.
self._axstack.remove(ax)
a = subplot_class_factory(projection_class)(self, *args, **kwargs)
self._axstack.add(key, a)
self.sca(a)
a._remove_method = self.__remove_ax
self.stale = True
a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
return a
[docs] def subplots(self, nrows=1, ncols=1, sharex=False, sharey=False,
squeeze=True, subplot_kw=None, gridspec_kw=None):
"""
Add a set of subplots to this figure.
Parameters
----------
nrows, ncols : int, default: 1
Number of rows/cols of the subplot grid.
sharex, sharey : bool or {'none', 'all', 'row', 'col'}, default: False
Controls sharing of properties among x (`sharex`) or y (`sharey`)
axes:
- True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all
subplots.
- False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be
independent.
- 'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis.
- 'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis.
When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick
labels of the bottom subplot are created. Similarly, when subplots
have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels of the
first column subplot are created. To later turn other subplots'
ticklabels on, use :meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.tick_params`.
squeeze : bool, optional, default: True
- If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned
array of Axes:
- if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the
resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar.
- for Nx1 or 1xM subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy
object array of Axes objects.
- for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned
as a 2D array.
- If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object
is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends
up being 1x1.
subplot_kw : dict, default: {}
Dict with keywords passed to the
:meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot` call used to create
each subplots.
gridspec_kw : dict, default: {}
Dict with keywords passed to the
:class:`~matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec` constructor used to create
the grid the subplots are placed on.
Returns
-------
ax : single Axes object or array of Axes objects
The added axes. The dimensions of the resulting array can be
controlled with the squeeze keyword, see above.
See Also
--------
pyplot.subplots : pyplot API; docstring includes examples.
"""
# for backwards compatibility
if isinstance(sharex, bool):
sharex = "all" if sharex else "none"
if isinstance(sharey, bool):
sharey = "all" if sharey else "none"
share_values = ["all", "row", "col", "none"]
if sharex not in share_values:
# This check was added because it is very easy to type
# `subplots(1, 2, 1)` when `subplot(1, 2, 1)` was intended.
# In most cases, no error will ever occur, but mysterious behavior
# will result because what was intended to be the subplot index is
# instead treated as a bool for sharex.
if isinstance(sharex, int):
warnings.warn(
"sharex argument to subplots() was an integer. "
"Did you intend to use subplot() (without 's')?")
raise ValueError("sharex [%s] must be one of %s" %
(sharex, share_values))
if sharey not in share_values:
raise ValueError("sharey [%s] must be one of %s" %
(sharey, share_values))
if subplot_kw is None:
subplot_kw = {}
if gridspec_kw is None:
gridspec_kw = {}
if self.get_constrained_layout():
gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, figure=self, **gridspec_kw)
else:
# this should turn constrained_layout off if we don't want it
gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, figure=None, **gridspec_kw)
# Create array to hold all axes.
axarr = np.empty((nrows, ncols), dtype=object)
for row in range(nrows):
for col in range(ncols):
shared_with = {"none": None, "all": axarr[0, 0],
"row": axarr[row, 0], "col": axarr[0, col]}
subplot_kw["sharex"] = shared_with[sharex]
subplot_kw["sharey"] = shared_with[sharey]
axarr[row, col] = self.add_subplot(gs[row, col], **subplot_kw)
# turn off redundant tick labeling
if sharex in ["col", "all"]:
# turn off all but the bottom row
for ax in axarr[:-1, :].flat:
ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(which='both',
labelbottom=False, labeltop=False)
ax.xaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
if sharey in ["row", "all"]:
# turn off all but the first column
for ax in axarr[:, 1:].flat:
ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(which='both',
labelleft=False, labelright=False)
ax.yaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
if squeeze:
# Discarding unneeded dimensions that equal 1. If we only have one
# subplot, just return it instead of a 1-element array.
return axarr.item() if axarr.size == 1 else axarr.squeeze()
else:
# Returned axis array will be always 2-d, even if nrows=ncols=1.
return axarr
def __remove_ax(self, ax):
def _reset_loc_form(axis):
axis.set_major_formatter(axis.get_major_formatter())
axis.set_major_locator(axis.get_major_locator())
axis.set_minor_formatter(axis.get_minor_formatter())
axis.set_minor_locator(axis.get_minor_locator())
def _break_share_link(ax, grouper):
siblings = grouper.get_siblings(ax)
if len(siblings) > 1:
grouper.remove(ax)
for last_ax in siblings:
if ax is last_ax:
continue
return last_ax
return None
self.delaxes(ax)
last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_y_axes)
if last_ax is not None:
_reset_loc_form(last_ax.yaxis)
last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_x_axes)
if last_ax is not None:
_reset_loc_form(last_ax.xaxis)
[docs] def clf(self, keep_observers=False):
"""
Clear the figure.
Set *keep_observers* to True if, for example,
a gui widget is tracking the axes in the figure.
"""
self.suppressComposite = None
self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
for ax in tuple(self.axes): # Iterate over the copy.
ax.cla()
self.delaxes(ax) # removes ax from self._axstack
toolbar = getattr(self.canvas, 'toolbar', None)
if toolbar is not None:
toolbar.update()
self._axstack.clear()
self.artists = []
self.lines = []
self.patches = []
self.texts = []
self.images = []
self.legends = []
if not keep_observers:
self._axobservers = []
self._suptitle = None
if self.get_constrained_layout():
layoutbox.nonetree(self._layoutbox)
self.stale = True
[docs] def clear(self, keep_observers=False):
"""
Clear the figure -- synonym for :meth:`clf`.
"""
self.clf(keep_observers=keep_observers)
[docs] @allow_rasterization
def draw(self, renderer):
"""
Render the figure using :class:`matplotlib.backend_bases.RendererBase`
instance *renderer*.
"""
# draw the figure bounding box, perhaps none for white figure
if not self.get_visible():
return
artists = sorted(
(artist for artist in (self.patches + self.lines + self.artists
+ self.images + self.axes + self.texts
+ self.legends)
if not artist.get_animated()),
key=lambda artist: artist.get_zorder())
try:
renderer.open_group('figure')
if self.get_constrained_layout() and self.axes:
if True:
self.execute_constrained_layout(renderer)
else:
pass
if self.get_tight_layout() and self.axes:
try:
self.tight_layout(renderer,
**self._tight_parameters)
except ValueError:
pass
# ValueError can occur when resizing a window.
if self.frameon:
self.patch.draw(renderer)
mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
renderer.close_group('figure')
finally:
self.stale = False
self._cachedRenderer = renderer
self.canvas.draw_event(renderer)
[docs] def draw_artist(self, a):
"""
Draw :class:`matplotlib.artist.Artist` instance *a* only.
This is available only after the figure is drawn.
"""
if self._cachedRenderer is None:
raise AttributeError("draw_artist can only be used after an "
"initial draw which caches the renderer")
a.draw(self._cachedRenderer)
[docs] def get_axes(self):
"""
Return a list of axes in the Figure. You can access and modify the
axes in the Figure through this list.
Do not modify the list itself. Instead, use `~Figure.add_axes`,
`~.Figure.subplot` or `~.Figure.delaxes` to add or remove an axes.
Note: This is equivalent to the property `~.Figure.axes`.
"""
return self.axes
[docs] @docstring.dedent_interpd
def legend(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Place a legend on the figure.
To make a legend from existing artists on every axes::
legend()
To make a legend for a list of lines and labels::
legend( (line1, line2, line3),
('label1', 'label2', 'label3'),
loc='upper right')
These can also be specified by keyword::
legend(handles=(line1, line2, line3),
labels=('label1', 'label2', 'label3'),
loc='upper right')
Parameters
----------
handles : sequence of `.Artist`, optional
A list of Artists (lines, patches) to be added to the legend.
Use this together with *labels*, if you need full control on what
is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above
is not sufficient.
The length of handles and labels should be the same in this
case. If they are not, they are truncated to the smaller length.
labels : sequence of strings, optional
A list of labels to show next to the artists.
Use this together with *handles*, if you need full control on what
is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above
is not sufficient.
Other Parameters
----------------
loc : int or string or pair of floats, default: 'upper right'
The location of the legend. Possible codes are:
=============== =============
Location String Location Code
=============== =============
'best' 0
'upper right' 1
'upper left' 2
'lower left' 3
'lower right' 4
'right' 5
'center left' 6
'center right' 7
'lower center' 8
'upper center' 9
'center' 10
=============== =============
Alternatively can be a 2-tuple giving ``x, y`` of the lower-left
corner of the legend in axes coordinates (in which case
``bbox_to_anchor`` will be ignored).
bbox_to_anchor : `.BboxBase` or pair of floats
Specify any arbitrary location for the legend in `bbox_transform`
coordinates (default Axes coordinates).
For example, to put the legend's upper right hand corner in the
center of the axes the following keywords can be used::
loc='upper right', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 0.5)
ncol : integer
The number of columns that the legend has. Default is 1.
prop : None or :class:`matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties` or dict
The font properties of the legend. If None (default), the current
:data:`matplotlib.rcParams` will be used.
fontsize : int or float or {'xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', \
'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large'}
Controls the font size of the legend. If the value is numeric the
size will be the absolute font size in points. String values are
relative to the current default font size. This argument is only
used if `prop` is not specified.
numpoints : None or int
The number of marker points in the legend when creating a legend
entry for a `.Line2D` (line).
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.numpoints`.
scatterpoints : None or int
The number of marker points in the legend when creating
a legend entry for a `.PathCollection` (scatter plot).
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.scatterpoints`.
scatteryoffsets : iterable of floats
The vertical offset (relative to the font size) for the markers
created for a scatter plot legend entry. 0.0 is at the base the
legend text, and 1.0 is at the top. To draw all markers at the
same height, set to ``[0.5]``. Default is ``[0.375, 0.5, 0.3125]``.
markerscale : None or int or float
The relative size of legend markers compared with the originally
drawn ones.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.markerscale`.
markerfirst : bool
If *True*, legend marker is placed to the left of the legend label.
If *False*, legend marker is placed to the right of the legend
label.
Default is *True*.
frameon : None or bool
Control whether the legend should be drawn on a patch
(frame).
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.frameon`.
fancybox : None or bool
Control whether round edges should be enabled around the
:class:`~matplotlib.patches.FancyBboxPatch` which makes up the
legend's background.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.fancybox`.
shadow : None or bool
Control whether to draw a shadow behind the legend.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.shadow`.
framealpha : None or float
Control the alpha transparency of the legend's background.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.framealpha`. If shadow is activated and
*framealpha* is ``None``, the default value is ignored.
facecolor : None or "inherit" or a color spec
Control the legend's background color.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.facecolor`. If ``"inherit"``, it will take
:rc:`axes.facecolor`.
edgecolor : None or "inherit" or a color spec
Control the legend's background patch edge color.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.edgecolor` If ``"inherit"``, it will take
:rc:`axes.edgecolor`.
mode : {"expand", None}
If `mode` is set to ``"expand"`` the legend will be horizontally
expanded to fill the axes area (or `bbox_to_anchor` if defines
the legend's size).
bbox_transform : None or :class:`matplotlib.transforms.Transform`
The transform for the bounding box (`bbox_to_anchor`). For a value
of ``None`` (default) the Axes'
:data:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.transAxes` transform will be used.
title : str or None
The legend's title. Default is no title (``None``).
borderpad : float or None
The fractional whitespace inside the legend border.
Measured in font-size units.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.borderpad`.
labelspacing : float or None
The vertical space between the legend entries.
Measured in font-size units.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.labelspacing`.
handlelength : float or None
The length of the legend handles.
Measured in font-size units.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.handlelength`.
handletextpad : float or None
The pad between the legend handle and text.
Measured in font-size units.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.handletextpad`.
borderaxespad : float or None
The pad between the axes and legend border.
Measured in font-size units.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.borderaxespad`.
columnspacing : float or None
The spacing between columns.
Measured in font-size units.
Default is ``None``, which will take the value from
:rc:`legend.columnspacing`.
handler_map : dict or None
The custom dictionary mapping instances or types to a legend
handler. This `handler_map` updates the default handler map
found at :func:`matplotlib.legend.Legend.get_legend_handler_map`.
Returns
-------
:class:`matplotlib.legend.Legend` instance
Notes
-----
Not all kinds of artist are supported by the legend command. See
:doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/legend_guide` for details.
"""
handles, labels, extra_args, kwargs = mlegend._parse_legend_args(
self.axes,
*args,
**kwargs)
# check for third arg
if len(extra_args):
# cbook.warn_deprecated(
# "2.1",
# "Figure.legend will accept no more than two "
# "positional arguments in the future. Use "
# "'fig.legend(handles, labels, loc=location)' "
# "instead.")
# kwargs['loc'] = extra_args[0]
# extra_args = extra_args[1:]
pass
l = mlegend.Legend(self, handles, labels, *extra_args, **kwargs)
self.legends.append(l)
l._remove_method = lambda h: self.legends.remove(h)
self.stale = True
return l
[docs] @docstring.dedent_interpd
def text(self, x, y, s, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Add text to figure.
Call signature::
text(x, y, s, fontdict=None, **kwargs)
Add text to figure at location *x*, *y* (relative 0-1
coords). See :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.text` for the meaning
of the other arguments.
kwargs control the :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text` properties:
%(Text)s
"""
override = _process_text_args({}, *args, **kwargs)
t = Text(x=x, y=y, text=s)
t.update(override)
self._set_artist_props(t)
self.texts.append(t)
t._remove_method = lambda h: self.texts.remove(h)
self.stale = True
return t
def _set_artist_props(self, a):
if a != self:
a.set_figure(self)
a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
a.set_transform(self.transFigure)
[docs] @docstring.dedent_interpd
def gca(self, **kwargs):
"""
Get the current axes, creating one if necessary.
The following kwargs are supported for ensuring the returned axes
adheres to the given projection etc., and for axes creation if
the active axes does not exist:
%(Axes)s
"""
ckey, cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes()
# if there exists an axes on the stack see if it maches
# the desired axes configuration
if cax is not None:
# if no kwargs are given just return the current axes
# this is a convenience for gca() on axes such as polar etc.
if not kwargs:
return cax
# if the user has specified particular projection detail
# then build up a key which can represent this
else:
# we don't want to modify the original kwargs
# so take a copy so that we can do what we like to it
kwargs_copy = kwargs.copy()
projection_class, _, key = process_projection_requirements(
self, **kwargs_copy)
# let the returned axes have any gridspec by removing it from
# the key
ckey = ckey[1:]
key = key[1:]
# if the cax matches this key then return the axes, otherwise
# continue and a new axes will be created
if key == ckey and isinstance(cax, projection_class):
return cax
else:
warnings.warn('Requested projection is different from '
'current axis projection, creating new axis '
'with requested projection.', stacklevel=2)
# no axes found, so create one which spans the figure
return self.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, **kwargs)
[docs] def sca(self, a):
"""Set the current axes to be a and return a."""
self._axstack.bubble(a)
for func in self._axobservers:
func(self)
return a
def _gci(self):
"""
Helper for :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.gci`. Do not use elsewhere.
"""
# Look first for an image in the current Axes:
cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes()[1]
if cax is None:
return None
im = cax._gci()
if im is not None:
return im
# If there is no image in the current Axes, search for
# one in a previously created Axes. Whether this makes
# sense is debatable, but it is the documented behavior.
for ax in reversed(self.axes):
im = ax._gci()
if im is not None:
return im
return None
def __getstate__(self):
state = super(Figure, self).__getstate__()
# print('\n\n\nStarting pickle')
# the axobservers cannot currently be pickled.
# Additionally, the canvas cannot currently be pickled, but this has
# the benefit of meaning that a figure can be detached from one canvas,
# and re-attached to another.
for attr_to_pop in ('_axobservers', 'show',
'canvas', '_cachedRenderer'):
state.pop(attr_to_pop, None)
# add version information to the state
state['__mpl_version__'] = _mpl_version
# check to see if the figure has a manager and whether it is registered
# with pyplot
if getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None) is not None:
manager = self.canvas.manager
import matplotlib._pylab_helpers
if manager in list(six.itervalues(
matplotlib._pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs)):
state['_restore_to_pylab'] = True
# set all the layoutbox information to None. kiwisolver
# objects can't be pickeled, so we lose the layout options
# at this point.
state.pop('_layoutbox', None)
# suptitle:
if self._suptitle is not None:
self._suptitle._layoutbox = None
return state
def __setstate__(self, state):
version = state.pop('__mpl_version__')
restore_to_pylab = state.pop('_restore_to_pylab', False)
if version != _mpl_version:
import warnings
warnings.warn("This figure was saved with matplotlib version %s "
"and is unlikely to function correctly." %
(version, ))
self.__dict__ = state
# re-initialise some of the unstored state information
self._axobservers = []
self.canvas = None
self._layoutbox = None
if restore_to_pylab:
# lazy import to avoid circularity
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib._pylab_helpers as pylab_helpers
allnums = plt.get_fignums()
num = max(allnums) + 1 if allnums else 1
mgr = plt._backend_mod.new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, self)
# XXX The following is a copy and paste from pyplot. Consider
# factoring to pylab_helpers
if self.get_label():
mgr.set_window_title(self.get_label())
# make this figure current on button press event
def make_active(event):
pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr)
mgr._cidgcf = mgr.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event',
make_active)
pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr)
self.number = num
plt.draw_if_interactive()
self.stale = True
[docs] def add_axobserver(self, func):
"""Whenever the axes state change, ``func(self)`` will be called."""
self._axobservers.append(func)
[docs] def savefig(self, fname, **kwargs):
"""
Save the current figure.
Call signature::
savefig(fname, dpi=None, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w',
orientation='portrait', papertype=None, format=None,
transparent=False, bbox_inches=None, pad_inches=0.1,
frameon=None)
The output formats available depend on the backend being used.
Parameters
----------
fname : str or file-like object
A string containing a path to a filename, or a Python
file-like object, or possibly some backend-dependent object
such as :class:`~matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.PdfPages`.
If *format* is *None* and *fname* is a string, the output
format is deduced from the extension of the filename. If
the filename has no extension, the value of the rc parameter
``savefig.format`` is used.
If *fname* is not a string, remember to specify *format* to
ensure that the correct backend is used.
Other Parameters
----------------
dpi : [ *None* | scalar > 0 | 'figure']
The resolution in dots per inch. If *None* it will default to
the value ``savefig.dpi`` in the matplotlibrc file. If 'figure'
it will set the dpi to be the value of the figure.
facecolor : color spec or None, optional
the facecolor of the figure; if None, defaults to savefig.facecolor
edgecolor : color spec or None, optional
the edgecolor of the figure; if None, defaults to savefig.edgecolor
orientation : {'landscape', 'portrait'}
not supported on all backends; currently only on postscript output
papertype : str
One of 'letter', 'legal', 'executive', 'ledger', 'a0' through
'a10', 'b0' through 'b10'. Only supported for postscript
output.
format : str
One of the file extensions supported by the active
backend. Most backends support png, pdf, ps, eps and svg.
transparent : bool
If *True*, the axes patches will all be transparent; the
figure patch will also be transparent unless facecolor
and/or edgecolor are specified via kwargs.
This is useful, for example, for displaying
a plot on top of a colored background on a web page. The
transparency of these patches will be restored to their
original values upon exit of this function.
frameon : bool
If *True*, the figure patch will be colored, if *False*, the
figure background will be transparent. If not provided, the
rcParam 'savefig.frameon' will be used.
bbox_inches : str or `~matplotlib.transforms.Bbox`, optional
Bbox in inches. Only the given portion of the figure is
saved. If 'tight', try to figure out the tight bbox of
the figure. If None, use savefig.bbox
pad_inches : scalar, optional
Amount of padding around the figure when bbox_inches is
'tight'. If None, use savefig.pad_inches
bbox_extra_artists : list of `~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, optional
A list of extra artists that will be considered when the
tight bbox is calculated.
"""
kwargs.setdefault('dpi', rcParams['savefig.dpi'])
frameon = kwargs.pop('frameon', rcParams['savefig.frameon'])
transparent = kwargs.pop('transparent',
rcParams['savefig.transparent'])
if transparent:
kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', 'none')
kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', 'none')
original_axes_colors = []
for ax in self.axes:
patch = ax.patch
original_axes_colors.append((patch.get_facecolor(),
patch.get_edgecolor()))
patch.set_facecolor('none')
patch.set_edgecolor('none')
else:
kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', rcParams['savefig.facecolor'])
kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', rcParams['savefig.edgecolor'])
if frameon:
original_frameon = self.get_frameon()
self.set_frameon(frameon)
self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)
if frameon:
self.set_frameon(original_frameon)
if transparent:
for ax, cc in zip(self.axes, original_axes_colors):
ax.patch.set_facecolor(cc[0])
ax.patch.set_edgecolor(cc[1])
[docs] @docstring.dedent_interpd
def colorbar(self, mappable, cax=None, ax=None, use_gridspec=True, **kw):
"""
Create a colorbar for a ScalarMappable instance, *mappable*.
Documentation for the pylab thin wrapper:
%(colorbar_doc)s
"""
if ax is None:
ax = self.gca()
# Store the value of gca so that we can set it back later on.
current_ax = self.gca()
if cax is None:
if use_gridspec and isinstance(ax, SubplotBase) \
and (not self.get_constrained_layout()):
cax, kw = cbar.make_axes_gridspec(ax, **kw)
else:
cax, kw = cbar.make_axes(ax, **kw)
cax._hold = True
# need to remove kws that cannot be passed to Colorbar
NON_COLORBAR_KEYS = ['fraction', 'pad', 'shrink', 'aspect', 'anchor',
'panchor']
cb_kw = {k: v for k, v in kw.items() if k not in NON_COLORBAR_KEYS}
cb = cbar.colorbar_factory(cax, mappable, **cb_kw)
self.sca(current_ax)
self.stale = True
return cb
[docs] def subplots_adjust(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Call signature::
subplots_adjust(left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None)
Update the :class:`SubplotParams` with *kwargs* (defaulting to rc when
*None*) and update the subplot locations.
"""
if self.get_constrained_layout():
self.set_constrained_layout(False)
warnings.warn("This figure was using constrained_layout==True, "
"but that is incompatible with subplots_adjust and "
"or tight_layout: setting "
"constrained_layout==False. ")
self.subplotpars.update(*args, **kwargs)
for ax in self.axes:
if not isinstance(ax, SubplotBase):
# Check if sharing a subplots axis
if isinstance(ax._sharex, SubplotBase):
ax._sharex.update_params()
ax.set_position(ax._sharex.figbox)
elif isinstance(ax._sharey, SubplotBase):
ax._sharey.update_params()
ax.set_position(ax._sharey.figbox)
else:
ax.update_params()
ax.set_position(ax.figbox)
self.stale = True
[docs] def ginput(self, n=1, timeout=30, show_clicks=True, mouse_add=1,
mouse_pop=3, mouse_stop=2):
"""
Blocking call to interact with a figure.
Wait until the user clicks *n* times on the figure, and return the
coordinates of each click in a list.
The buttons used for the various actions (adding points, removing
points, terminating the inputs) can be overridden via the
arguments *mouse_add*, *mouse_pop* and *mouse_stop*, that give
the associated mouse button: 1 for left, 2 for middle, 3 for
right.
Parameters
----------
n : int, optional, default: 1
Number of mouse clicks to accumulate. If negative, accumulate
clicks until the input is terminated manually.
timeout : scalar, optional, default: 30
Number of seconds to wait before timing out. If zero or negative
will never timeout.
show_clicks : bool, optional, default: False
If True, show a red cross at the location of each click.
mouse_add : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 1 (left click)
Mouse button used to add points.
mouse_pop : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 3 (right click)
Mouse button used to remove the most recently added point.
mouse_stop : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 2 (middle click)
Mouse button used to stop input.
Returns
-------
points : list of tuples
A list of the clicked (x, y) coordinates.
Notes
-----
The keyboard can also be used to select points in case your mouse
does not have one or more of the buttons. The delete and backspace
keys act like right clicking (i.e., remove last point), the enter key
terminates input and any other key (not already used by the window
manager) selects a point.
"""
blocking_mouse_input = BlockingMouseInput(self,
mouse_add=mouse_add,
mouse_pop=mouse_pop,
mouse_stop=mouse_stop)
return blocking_mouse_input(n=n, timeout=timeout,
show_clicks=show_clicks)
[docs] def waitforbuttonpress(self, timeout=-1):
"""
Blocking call to interact with the figure.
This will return True is a key was pressed, False if a mouse
button was pressed and None if *timeout* was reached without
either being pressed.
If *timeout* is negative, does not timeout.
"""
blocking_input = BlockingKeyMouseInput(self)
return blocking_input(timeout=timeout)
[docs] def get_default_bbox_extra_artists(self):
bbox_artists = [artist for artist in self.get_children()
if artist.get_visible()]
for ax in self.axes:
if ax.get_visible():
bbox_artists.extend(ax.get_default_bbox_extra_artists())
# we don't want the figure's patch to influence the bbox calculation
bbox_artists.remove(self.patch)
return bbox_artists
[docs] def get_tightbbox(self, renderer):
"""
Return a (tight) bounding box of the figure in inches.
It only accounts axes title, axis labels, and axis
ticklabels. Needs improvement.
"""
bb = []
for ax in self.axes:
if ax.get_visible():
bb.append(ax.get_tightbbox(renderer))
if len(bb) == 0:
return self.bbox_inches
_bbox = Bbox.union([b for b in bb if b.width != 0 or b.height != 0])
bbox_inches = TransformedBbox(_bbox,
Affine2D().scale(1. / self.dpi))
return bbox_inches
[docs] def init_layoutbox(self):
"""Initialize the layoutbox for use in constrained_layout."""
if self._layoutbox is None:
self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(parent=None,
name='figlb',
artist=self)
self._layoutbox.constrain_geometry(0., 0., 1., 1.)
[docs] def execute_constrained_layout(self, renderer=None):
"""
Use ``layoutbox`` to determine pos positions within axes.
See also `.set_constrained_layout_pads`.
"""
from matplotlib._constrained_layout import (do_constrained_layout)
_log.debug('Executing constrainedlayout')
if self._layoutbox is None:
warnings.warn("Calling figure.constrained_layout, but figure "
"not setup to do constrained layout. "
" You either called GridSpec without the "
"fig keyword, you are using plt.subplot, "
"or you need to call figure or subplots"
"with the constrained_layout=True kwarg.")
return
w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace = self.get_constrained_layout_pads()
# convert to unit-relative lengths
fig = self
width, height = fig.get_size_inches()
w_pad = w_pad / width
h_pad = h_pad / height
if renderer is None:
renderer = layoutbox.get_renderer(fig)
do_constrained_layout(fig, renderer, h_pad, w_pad, hspace, wspace)
[docs] def tight_layout(self, renderer=None, pad=1.08, h_pad=None, w_pad=None,
rect=None):
"""
Adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.
Parameters
----------
pad : float
padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots,
as a fraction of the font-size.
h_pad, w_pad : float, optional
padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots.
Defaults to `pad_inches`.
rect : tuple (left, bottom, right, top), optional
a rectangle (left, bottom, right, top) in the normalized
figure coordinate that the whole subplots area (including
labels) will fit into. Default is (0, 0, 1, 1).
"""
from .tight_layout import (
get_renderer, get_subplotspec_list, get_tight_layout_figure)
subplotspec_list = get_subplotspec_list(self.axes)
if None in subplotspec_list:
warnings.warn("This figure includes Axes that are not compatible "
"with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect.")
if renderer is None:
renderer = get_renderer(self)
kwargs = get_tight_layout_figure(
self, self.axes, subplotspec_list, renderer,
pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect)
self.subplots_adjust(**kwargs)
[docs] def align_xlabels(self, axs=None):
"""
Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label
alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is
not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
If a label is on the bottom, it is aligned with labels on axes that
also have their label on the bottom and that have the same
bottom-most subplot row. If the label is on the top,
it is aligned with labels on axes with the same top-most row.
Parameters
----------
axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
Optional list of (or ndarray) `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
to align the xlabels.
Default is to align all axes on the figure.
See Also
--------
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_ylabels
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_labels
Notes
-----
This assumes that ``axs`` are from the same `.GridSpec`, so that
their `.SubplotSpec` positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples
--------
Example with rotated xtick labels::
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2)
for tick in axs[0].get_xticklabels():
tick.set_rotation(55)
axs[0].set_xlabel('XLabel 0')
axs[1].set_xlabel('XLabel 1')
fig.align_xlabels()
"""
if axs is None:
axs = self.axes
axs = np.asarray(axs).ravel()
for ax in axs:
_log.debug(' Working on: %s', ax.get_xlabel())
ss = ax.get_subplotspec()
nrows, ncols, row0, row1, col0, col1 = ss.get_rows_columns()
labpo = ax.xaxis.get_label_position() # top or bottom
# loop through other axes, and search for label positions
# that are same as this one, and that share the appropriate
# row number.
# Add to a grouper associated with each axes of sibblings.
# This list is inspected in `axis.draw` by
# `axis._update_label_position`.
for axc in axs:
if axc.xaxis.get_label_position() == labpo:
ss = axc.get_subplotspec()
nrows, ncols, rowc0, rowc1, colc, col1 = \
ss.get_rows_columns()
if (labpo == 'bottom' and rowc1 == row1 or
labpo == 'top' and rowc0 == row0):
# grouper for groups of xlabels to align
self._align_xlabel_grp.join(ax, axc)
[docs] def align_ylabels(self, axs=None):
"""
Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label
alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is
not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
If a label is on the left, it is aligned with labels on axes that
also have their label on the left and that have the same
left-most subplot column. If the label is on the right,
it is aligned with labels on axes with the same right-most column.
Parameters
----------
axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
Optional list (or ndarray) of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
to align the ylabels.
Default is to align all axes on the figure.
See Also
--------
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_xlabels
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_labels
Notes
-----
This assumes that ``axs`` are from the same `.GridSpec`, so that
their `.SubplotSpec` positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples
--------
Example with large yticks labels::
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1)
axs[0].plot(np.arange(0, 1000, 50))
axs[0].set_ylabel('YLabel 0')
axs[1].set_ylabel('YLabel 1')
fig.align_ylabels()
"""
if axs is None:
axs = self.axes
axs = np.asarray(axs).ravel()
for ax in axs:
_log.debug(' Working on: %s', ax.get_ylabel())
ss = ax.get_subplotspec()
nrows, ncols, row0, row1, col0, col1 = ss.get_rows_columns()
same = [ax]
labpo = ax.yaxis.get_label_position() # left or right
# loop through other axes, and search for label positions
# that are same as this one, and that share the appropriate
# column number.
# Add to a list associated with each axes of sibblings.
# This list is inspected in `axis.draw` by
# `axis._update_label_position`.
for axc in axs:
if axc != ax:
if axc.yaxis.get_label_position() == labpo:
ss = axc.get_subplotspec()
nrows, ncols, row0, row1, colc0, colc1 = \
ss.get_rows_columns()
if (labpo == 'left' and colc0 == col0 or
labpo == 'right' and colc1 == col1):
# grouper for groups of ylabels to align
self._align_ylabel_grp.join(ax, axc)
[docs] def align_labels(self, axs=None):
"""
Align the xlabels and ylabels of subplots with the same subplots
row or column (respectively) if label alignment is being
done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
Parameters
----------
axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
Optional list (or ndarray) of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
to align the labels.
Default is to align all axes on the figure.
See Also
--------
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_xlabels
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_ylabels
"""
self.align_xlabels(axs=axs)
self.align_ylabels(axs=axs)
[docs]def figaspect(arg):
"""
Create a figure with specified aspect ratio. If *arg* is a number,
use that aspect ratio. If *arg* is an array, figaspect will
determine the width and height for a figure that would fit array
preserving aspect ratio. The figure width, height in inches are
returned. Be sure to create an axes with equal with and height,
e.g.,
Example usage::
# make a figure twice as tall as it is wide
w, h = figaspect(2.)
fig = Figure(figsize=(w,h))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
# make a figure with the proper aspect for an array
A = rand(5,3)
w, h = figaspect(A)
fig = Figure(figsize=(w,h))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
Thanks to Fernando Perez for this function
"""
isarray = hasattr(arg, 'shape') and not np.isscalar(arg)
# min/max sizes to respect when autoscaling. If John likes the idea, they
# could become rc parameters, for now they're hardwired.
figsize_min = np.array((4.0, 2.0)) # min length for width/height
figsize_max = np.array((16.0, 16.0)) # max length for width/height
# Extract the aspect ratio of the array
if isarray:
nr, nc = arg.shape[:2]
arr_ratio = nr / nc
else:
arr_ratio = arg
# Height of user figure defaults
fig_height = rcParams['figure.figsize'][1]
# New size for the figure, keeping the aspect ratio of the caller
newsize = np.array((fig_height / arr_ratio, fig_height))
# Sanity checks, don't drop either dimension below figsize_min
newsize /= min(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_min))
# Avoid humongous windows as well
newsize /= max(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_max))
# Finally, if we have a really funky aspect ratio, break it but respect
# the min/max dimensions (we don't want figures 10 feet tall!)
newsize = np.clip(newsize, figsize_min, figsize_max)
return newsize
docstring.interpd.update(Figure=martist.kwdoc(Figure))